Report to Parliament on the Government of Canada's Official Development Assistance 2009–2010

• Message from the Minister
• Canadian official development assistance
• Summaries by department
• Canadian International Development Agency
• Department of Finance Canada
• Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada
• International Development Research Centre
• Citizenship and Immigration Canada
• Department of National Defence
• Royal Canadian Mounted Police
• Health Canada
• Environment Canada
• Labour Canada
• Industry Canada
• Parks Canada
• Appendix: Summary of CIDA's 2008-2009 Departmental Performance Report

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Message from the Minister

As the Minister of International Cooperation, I am pleased to present, on behalf of the Government of Canada, this Report to Parliament on Canada's Official Development Assistance (2009-2010), as per the Official Development Assistance Accountability Act.

The year 2009-2010 brought particularly intense challenges around the world: the economic and food crises continued, and severe natural disasters affected the lives of millions of people.

The most dramatic event occurred in January, when an earthquake of devastating consequence struck Haiti, one of CIDA's countries of focus. Canadians and the Canadian government mobilized immediately. Within hours, various federal departments worked with international and Canadian partners, and with the Haitian government itself, to deliver Canada's largest-ever humanitarian response.

The same whole-of-government approach has been at the heart of many other Canadian initiatives during 2009-2010, including our continued efforts in Afghanistan and preparing for Canada hosting the G-8 in Huntsville, Ontario.

The government also maintained its level of support to Africa, and is on course to doubling its overall international assistance envelope.

In addition, during 2009-2010, the Government of Canada took further steps to make its assistance more focused in five thematic priorities: Food Security, Children and Youth, Sustainable Economic Growth, Security and Stability, and Democracy.

Canada has assumed a leadership role regarding debt relief, as well as in its support of fragile democracies and peacemaking. We have also enhanced food security initiatives, made significant commitments at the 2009 L'Aquila G-8 meeting and quickly delivered on them. We have supported programs and research in agriculture, environment and climate change. We have contributed to education and health progress in many countries in Africa, Latin American and Asia. Our support to refugees, labour rights, elections and fragile democracies are anchored in values cherished by Canadians.

The following report presents a summary of those official development assistance (ODA) activities undertaken by federal government departments in 2009-2010 that deliver the Government of Canada's official contribution toward international poverty reduction. Canadians have every reason to be proud of the difference Canadian ODA is making in the lives of millions of people around the globe.

The Honourable Beverley J. Oda, P.C., M.P.
Minister of International Cooperation

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This is the second report on Canadian official development assistance (ODA) since the Official Development Assistance Accountability Act ("the Act") came into force on June 28, 2008.

This report meets the reporting requirements of sections 5(1) and 5(3) of the Act.

The statistical report required under section 5(2) of the Act, with details about disbursements counted as ODA, will be published by the end of March 2011 on CIDA's website.

The Act is available online.

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Canadian official development assistance

Canada is contributing to the global efforts to meet the needs of those living in poverty in developing countries by using a variety of instruments to deliver on its commitment to provide effective official development assistance (ODA). The following activities are undertaken to achieve poverty reduction:

• Canada helps countries to advance on the path of food security and economic growth by supporting private-sector development, agriculture, the development of a skilled workforce, and better policies and laws to underpin market-oriented economies in developing countries.

• Canada directly helps those who are affected by natural crises and conflicts by providing inter­national humanitarian assistance, delivering food aid, facilitating reconstruction, and supporting peacebuilding efforts.

• Canada helps establish and build the foundations of education, health, economic growth, food security, and other areas of sustainable develop­ment by strengthening the capacity of governments to act democratically and administer their resources responsibly.

• Canada is shaping outcomes in numerous development-related areas, including international financial stability, climate change, food security, health, telecommunications, and regional security in areas of conflict by investing in and supporting recognized international and multilateral organizations. As well, Canada is having a major influence at the national level in countries such as Afghanistan and Haiti.

• Canada enables developing countries to dedicate their scarce resources to reducing poverty and improving the lives of their citizens by providing debt relief.

• Canada encourages Canadian citizens to be engaged and contribute their best ideas and efforts to make a difference in the world by supporting its own civil society, non-governmental partners, and the private sector.

• Canada contributes to human capital development, which leads to higher crop yields, increased market access, cleaner environments, better health, new technologies, respect for human rights, and fairer laws by supporting cutting-edge research, scholarships, and institutional linkages with Canadian organizations.

• Canada ensures security and respect for refugee rights by providing financial support to help them adapt to their new environment.

• Canada contributes to a safer world for all, including for Canadians, by supporting sustainable development and promoting democracy and human rights.

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Summaries by department

A number of Canadian federal government departments^{Footnote 1} disbursed ODA funds in 2009-2010.

The following table shows disbursements by department, listed in order of the amount of the disbursement.

Department	2009-2010 ODA Disbursements(IN $ Millions)
Canadian International Development Agency	3571.62
Department of Finance Canada	540.61
Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada	283.14
International Development Research Centre	174.04
Citizenship and Immigration Canada	114.74
National Defence	53.52
Royal Canadian Mounted Police	31.69
Health Canada	13.39
Environment Canada	2.05
Labour Canada	1.7
Industry Canada	1.08
Parks Canada	0,41
Sub total	4787.99
Services supporting CIDA activitiesFootnote 2	27.44
Total	4815.43

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Canadian International Development Agency

$3,571.62 Million

The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) is the government's principal organization responsible for managing Canada's official development assistance (ODA) program. It supports programs and projects that have poverty reduction as their primary objective. It also engages in policy development in Canada and inter­nationally to support Canada's development objectives in a manner consistent with Canadian foreign policy.

CIDA's ODA ^{Footnote 3} for fiscal year 2009-2010 totalled $3,571,622,965.^{Footnote 4} CIDA has a long-standing and deep tradition of consul­tation in Canada and abroad. This includes extensive consultation with partner governments, other donors and civil society.

The Agency and its many partners take into account the perspectives of the poor as a central element in delivering Canada's aid program. A variety of formal and informal processes are in place to ensure this happens, such as consultations with local partners and beneficiaries, participatory approaches, project review processes and policy dialogue.

CIDA's assistance is consistent with international human rights standards. CIDA supports several human rights activities in many countries, and ensures that its programs do not contribute, directly or indirectly, to violations of human rights.

Concrete results

In 2009-2010, CIDA's activities, in conjunction with the work of its many partners had a real impact on the lives of people in developing countries. For example:

• Millions of people are healthier because of vaccination campaigns, rehabilitated health centres, community-health workers and health professionals trained in emergency obstetrical care, antiretroviral drug treatments, greater access to safe water, and antimalarial bed nets.

• Food security improved in several countries where farmers used new techniques or new crops and saw increased production and income. More than 105 million hungry people in 78 countries received food aid. CIDA funding also contributed to providing food in schools to approximately 21 million children worldwide, of which about 47 percent were girls.

• Communities benefited from sustainable economic growth, for example, through support to small entrepreneurs, microcredit, or tax reforms.

• Government institutions have been strengthened, allowing for more transparent budget planning, monitoring and policy making, accountable financial and procurement management, increased results-based public programs, improved statistical capacity, and better delivery of public services.

• More than 140 Canadian civil society organizations promoted democratic governance through the development of policies and programs that support the rights of women and youth, increased democratic participation, labour rights, accoun­tability and transparency, food security, and environmental sustainability.

• Independent election institutions, electoral processes, and democratic participation of women and men were supported.

These results, and the more detailed ones in Afghanistan and Haiti (see pages 8-9 below) are only a few examples of the impact CIDA's main activities have had during the reporting period.

Summary of main activities

In 2009-2010, CIDA's programming was divided into five distinct program activities^{Footnote 5}:

1. Countries of concentration

Programming in countries of concentration involves engaging in effective development assistance at significant scale to enhance countries' own capacity to achieve development goals. Programming is developed through consultation and cooperation with partners internationally, in Canada, and in these countries.

2. Fragile states and countries experiencing humanitarian crises

This program activity involves both development and/or humanitarian assistance in fragile states and/or countries experiencing humanitarian crises. By responding to rapid onset crises due to hostilities, natural disasters and civil unrest, CIDA fulfils its international responsibilities via means that ensure access to and delivery of essential emergency services to affected populations. Over the long-term, CIDA supports efforts to restore the capacity of public institutions and civil society to meet specific needs and risks. In both cases, partnerships with a range of organizations offer flexibility and expertise to provide effective responses.

3. Selected countries and regions

The purpose of CIDA's development assistance programming in selected countries and regions is to enhance the capacity of these countries and regions to achieve stability and/or development goals, and to contribute to Canada's international interests and objectives.

4. Multilateral, international, and Canadian institutions

Through its engagement with multilateral, international, and Canadian institutions, CIDA seeks to strengthen its partnerships with institutions that maximize program effectiveness, and thereby contribute to enhanced development results in a broader set of countries.

5. Engaging Canadian citizens

This program activity provides opportunities for Canadians to increase their awareness, deepen their understanding, and engage in international development. Canadian engagement is a vital element of effective development. It enables CIDA and its partners to draw from a broad range of expertise and financial resources across the country to implement aid initiatives. It also provides the necessary aid and support for the Government of Canada's international development efforts.

New thematic priorities

Within the framework of its aid effectiveness agenda, and to sharpen the focus of Canada's international assistance, the Government of Canada has established five priority themes-Food Security, Children and Youth, Sustainable Economic Growth, Security and Stability, and Democracy.

Three of these themes, Food Security, Children and Youth, and Sustainable Economic Growth, guide CIDA's programming decisions. This allows CIDA to focus on key issues and challenges in partner countries and helps ensure that Canadian international assistance investments are achieving concrete and long-lasting results.

CIDA's new approach also ensures that efforts to strengthen environmental sustainability, improve equality between women and men, and support strong governance practices and institutions, including human rights, will continue to be integrated across CIDA's work.

Increasing Food Security

The international food crisis of 2007-2008 was mainly due to a rapid increase in the price of key staple foods. The rise in the price of food led to an increase in awareness of food security issues within the international community. The global food situation seems to have somewhat improved in 2010, attributed mainly to increasing food supplies and less speculation by commodity investors. However, food prices remain on average higher than before 2007-2008, and food insecurity in many developing countries continues to be a serious problem: it is estimated that there remains more than one billion people who are food insecure.

On World Food Day (October 16, 2009), the Minister of International Cooperation outlined CIDA's Food Security Strategy with the objective of addressing the extreme hunger and undernourishment of the world's most vulnerable people.

CIDA's Food Security Strategy brings stability through improved access to sufficient quantities of food, security through the availability of quality and nutritious foods, and long-term sustainability through sustained efforts in agricultural development and in research and development.

This approach to increasing food security, combined with the 2008 decision to untie 100 percent of food aid, is helping communities address immediate food needs and find solutions for lasting food security so they can rise out of the cycle of poverty.

CIDA's Food Security Strategy also builds on the Prime Minister's announcement at the 2009 G-8 Summit in L'Aquila, Italy, to commit $600 million in incremental funds for sustainable agricultural development. As part of this package, CIDA will support two initiatives under the Challenge Program on Climate Change of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research: HarvestPlus; and Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security. CIDA has also partnered with the World Bank and other donors in developing the Global Agriculture and Food Security Programme (GAFSP)^{Footnote 6} while also continuing to increase support to the food security plans of our partner countries, regions, and institutions. As of the end of fiscal year 2009-2010, Canada was on track to meeting its L'Aquila commitment.

In addition, the Canadian International Food Security Research Fund was launched as a joint initiative between CIDA and the International Development Research Centre. This five-year program funds a variety of applied research projects that aim to solve immediate and concrete food security challenges in the developing world. This fund will support research partnerships between Canadian and developing-country organizations. Research activities will focus on applied research to address food insecurity, and may include work on crop resilience, the nutritional value of crops, and infectious diseases related to crops and animal production. The goal of the fund is to promote more productive and sustainable agricultural systems that make food more secure and nutritious.

Securing the Future of Children and Youth

On Universal Children's Day (November 20, 2009), the Minister of International Cooperation announced CIDA's Children and Youth Strategy, "Securing a Future for Children and Youth," which responds to the needs of the world's most vulnerable and will help them to become resourceful and productive young women and men.

CIDA's Children and Youth Strategy focuses on three paths: child survival, including maternal health; access to quality education; and, safe and secure futures for children and youth.

This strategy includes a special focus on girls. Given that girls and young women do not have the same opportunities as boys, investing in girls makes a real impact on overall development results. Educating girls is one of the best investments a country can make. Educated girls and women are more likely to marry later, have fewer children, and ensure their own children, both boys and girls, go to school. They are also less likely to be exploited.

Canada has a long history of child-focused development programming. Through this strategy, Canada will scale up proven interventions to ensure that children and youth in developing countries have the health, education and protection measures they need in order to develop to their full potential.

Stimulating Sustainable Economic Growth

CIDA's approach to sustainable economic growth is to increase revenue generation, create employment, and lead to poverty reduction in developing countries.

This approach is based on the recognition that lasting growth must be sustainable: integrating economic, social, and environmental considerations supported by efficient institutions and sound policies. This enables the poor to participate in economic opportunities and to benefit from growth.

CIDA will work with our development partners to find and apply the right mix of elements needed in each context to achieve high rates of sustainable economic growth.

Summary of CIDA's operations

Overall, CIDA supported more than 2,000 aid projects ^{Footnote 7} and initiatives in Africa, Asia, the Americas, the Middle East and Eastern Europe.

Details of CIDA's bilateral ODA by region

Of CIDA's total ODA disbursements, $2,688 million (or 75 percent) was in bilateral aid in 2009-2010 (using the international definition of "bilateral"^{Footnote 8}). Approximately $1,310 million in ODA was channelled through bilateral country programs to 57 partner countries. Eighty-one percent of this was concentrated in CIDA's 20 countries of focus.Footnote 14

This contribution is augmented by CIDA's multilateral, regional, and partnership programs.

CIDA's bilateral ODA disbursements by region
FY 2009-2010, excludes administration costs

Region	Percentage %
Footnotes Footnote 1 Refers to costs that cannot be directly or indirectly attributed to a recipient country/region, such as development-awareness programs, core funding to international non-governmental organizations, or strategic initiatives held in Canada. Return to footnote * reference
Africa	48 %
Middle East	4 %
Americas	21 %
Asia	25 %
Eastern Europe	1 %
GlobalTable Footnote *	1 %
Total ($)	$2,688 million

CIDA's ODA ^{Footnote 9} disbursements by sector
FY 2009-2010

Summary of CIDA's Departmental Performance Report

Section 5(1)(e) of the Act specifies that a summary of the Departmental Performance Report (DPR) of the Canadian International Development Agency must be part of this report.

The summary of CIDA's 2008-2009 DPR is presented in the appendix to this report.

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Department of Finance Canada

$540.61 million

Finance Canada's ODA for fiscal year 2009-2010 totalled $540,610,000.^{Footnote 10}

Outreach

As part of Finance Canada's implementation of the Act, it held Web consultations in December 2008, inviting input from the Canadian public, civil society organizations, governments and international agencies on whether the department's international assistance payments met the conditions listed in the Act. Finance also asked how the next consultation process, to be conducted in December 2010, could be improved.

During fiscal year 2009-2010, the department made the following ODA disbursements:

International Development Association: $384,280,000

The International Development Association (IDA) is the World Bank's principal financing tool for the world's poorest countries, providing them with interest-free loans and grants. In December 2007, the Government of Canada announced that it would provide $1.3 billion to the IDA over the next three years under the institution's 15^th replenishment.

The replenishment will allow the IDA to enhance its focus on effective aid delivery and on providing special assistance for fragile states such as Afghanistan and Haiti, all the while ensuring that countries do not take on unsustainable levels of debt.

More information is available on the International Development Association (IDA) website.

Debt Relief

Bilateral and multilateral debt-relief disbursements are considered to be ODA-eligible because they contribute to poverty reduction by freeing up resources (which would otherwise be used to service sovereign debts) for use in more productive investments (e.g. health, education, infrastructure, etc.) that support long-term economic growth and development. Furthermore, debt-relief recipients self-direct additional resources based on their individual poverty reduction strategies.

Bilateral Debt Relief: $57,130,000

Canada has been an international leader in the area of poverty reduction by forgiving more than $1 billion in debt owed to it by the world's poorest and most indebted countries. Specifically, Canada is a committed participant in the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) Initiative, which cancels up to 90 percent of the debt of eligible countries, with an aim to reduce the debt of these countries to sustainable levels. Canada delivers this debt relief through its participation in the Paris Club. Moreover, Canada goes beyond the requirements of the HIPC Initiative through the Canadian Debt Initiative, under which Canada forgives all remaining debt owed by eligible HIPCs, resulting in complete bilateral debt cancellation.

Canada's provision of debt relief varies considerably from year to year, as international debt relief initiatives make debt cancellation conditional on debtor countries meeting International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank mandated program targets. If a country's performance does not meet the required target, debt relief is delayed until adequate progress is made.

In 2009-2010, Canada provided ODA-eligible debt relief to Haiti ($2,420,000), Republic of Congo-Brazzaville ($7,820,000) and Ivory Coast ($46,890,000).

More information is available on the following websites:

• Club de Paris
• (HIPC) The Enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative

Multilateral Debt Relief: $51,200,000

Canada has also been very active in the development and financing of multilateral debt relief through the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI), which frees up the resources of recipient countries for redirection to poverty reduction initiatives. Canada has committed to provide the IMF, World Bank, and African Development Fund (ADF) with $2.5 billion in order to cover our share of the costs over the life of MDRI, which extends until 2054.

Also in 2009, with the passage of Bill C-59 (The Economic Recovery Act), the Government of Canada modified and strengthened the payment mechanism for our annual MDRI payments. The modification makes Canada's MDRI payments required by statute and provides further reassurance to the IMF, World Bank, and ADF that Canada is fully able to honour its $2.5 billion commitment.

More information is available on The Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDR) website.

Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP): $48,000,000

The World Bank established the GAFSP in response to requests from the G-8 and G-20 in 2009 to develop a multi­­lateral trust fund to scale up sustainable agricultural and food security assistance to low-income countries. The primary objective of the GAFSP is to improve the income and food security of poor people in developing countries by filling existing financing gaps in ongoing country and regional programs through more, and better, public and private sector investment in agriculture and rural sectors.

The private sector window (PSW) of the GAFSP is managed by the International Finance Corporation, the private-sector arm of the World Bank Group, and seeks to fill financing gaps in private sector agriculture. By catalyzing new and innovative financing to increase the commercial potential of small and medium-sized agribusinesses and farmers and bringing them into the local, national, and global value chain, the PSW of the GAFSP aims to support sustainable agriculture in low-income countries.

Canada and the Bretton Woods Institutions

The information below is in response to specific require­ments of the Act regarding Canada's interactions with the Bretton Wood Institutions.

Summary of the Canada at the IMF and World Bank 2009 Report

In 2009, the crisis in the financial sector and real econo­mies precipitated exceptional international collaboration, including joint efforts by the G20 and a rigorous crisis response by the Bretton Woods Institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF or "the Fund") and the World Bank.

This experience underscored the importance of the IMF and World Bank in promoting global cooperation. With each institution advancing critical reforms to strengthen their legitimacy, credibility and effectiveness, we are at an important juncture where they can be shaped and positioned to fulfill their core mandates while adapting to the global challenges of the 21^st century.

To this end, Canada has been working to advance the goals set out in the 2009 report under the following three themes:

1. Governance and Accountability-Playing a leadership role in pushing for innovations in the governance and accountability structures of the Bretton Woods Institutions.
2. Institutional Effectiveness—Encouraging both institutions to deliver on their core mandates as effectively as possible.
3. Sustainable Poverty Reduction and Growth-Supporting the IMF and World Bank Group's efforts to ensure that the growth and stability they help foster today will have a lasting effect over the long term.

This year's report details the progress achieved in these three areas and sets out the plans and priorities for Canada at the IMF and World Bank for 2010 to 2012. The report is divided into four main parts:

1. Introductions to the IMF and World Bank Group explaining how they operate, what they do, and how Canada participates in their governance (see chapters entitled "An Introduction to the International Monetary Fund" and "An Introduction to the World Bank Group").
2. Key developments at the IMF and World Bank in 2009 and a summary of the institutions' responses to the financial and economic crisis (see chapter entitled "Canada at the Bretton Woods Institutions: What Happened in 2009").
3. Analysis of IMF and World Bank progress against Canada's short- and medium-term priorities and planned actions identified in the previous report. This section also identifies and summarizes Canada's priorities and planned actions going forward (see chapter entitled "2009 Report on Canada's Commitments at the Bretton Woods Institutions").
4. Comprehensive annexes providing background information such as communiqués, public statements and financial data.

Summary of representations made by Canada at the Bretton Woods Institutions

For Canadian statements at the International Monetary and Financial Committee of the Board of Governors for the IMF, please refer to Annex 2 in Canada at the IMF and World Bank 2009 report.

For Canadian statements at the Development Committee of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank and the IMF, please refer to Annex 3 in Canada at the IMF and World Bank 2009 report.

For Canada's voting record in 2009 at the IMF and World Bank, please refer to "Canada's IMF and World Bank Voting Record and Outreach in 2009" in Canada at the IMF and World Bank 2009 report.

For a fuller description of Canada's commitments and goals at the IMF and World Bank, please refer to "2009 Report on Canada's Commitments at the Bretton Woods Institutions" in Canada at the IMF and World Bank 2009 report.

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Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada

$283.14 million

The ODA of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) for fiscal year 2009-2010 totalled $283,141,281.^{Footnote 11}

DFAIT's international assistance program encompasses a broad range of activities that address the thematic priorities of Canada's International Assistance Envelope (IAE), the majority of which is considered ODA. The four thematic priorities that DFAIT directly supports are: 1) Security and Stability; 2) Democracy; 3) Children and Youth; and 4) Sustainable Economic Growth. Addi­tionally, DFAIT provides indirect, crosscutting ODA through services rendered to CIDA personnel at Canada's diplomatic and consular missions abroad and through assessed contributions to multilateral organizations.

Thematic Priorities

Security and Stability: $113,583,110

Funded from the Peace and Security pool of the Inter­national Assistance Envelope, the Global Peace and Security Fund (GPSF) provides dedicated resources for peace and security activities that are necessary for a timely response with respect to countries in or at risk of crisis. The Fund focuses on programming that is not directly the responsibility of the Department of National Defence (DND), nor part of Canada's traditional official development assistance program. Examples of these activities include: supporting peace processes, facilitating justice and security system reform, enhancing transitional justice and reconciliation, and improving the peace enforcement and peace operations capacities of police in Africa and the Americas.

The GPSF is both a responsive and directive program, established to provide timely, focused, effective and accountable international assistance in response to critical peace and security challenges. The fund is managed by DFAIT's Stabilization and Reconstruction Taskforce (START), working closely with a range of government departments including CIDA, Public Safety, RCMP, DND, the Correctional Service of Canada, the Canadian Border Services Agency, and Justice Canada. Among other types of assistance, these partnerships provide critical expertise in the area of justice and security system reform to the civilian components of UN peace operations. There are three sub-programs to the GPSF: the Global Peace and Security Program (GPSP), Global Peace Operations Program (GPOP), and the Glyn Berry program.

Some key results achieved through the GPSF include:

• Rapidly disbursing nearly $8 million in funding to support the Haitian National Police and civil society organizations, for facilities, equipment and training to help rebuild community security following the January 2010 catastrophic earthquake.

• In Afghanistan, infrastructure improvements and training at Sarpoza Prison in Kandahar, funding salaries of the Afghan National Police and construction and furnishing of the Afghan Border Police Faculty.
• Helping to enable the Organization of American States (OAS) to establish a special Good Offices mission, resulting in joint cross-border processes to restore and regularize political relations between Colombia and Ecuador.
• Creation of a dedicated human resource capacity within the OAS Department of Democratic Sustainability and Special Missions (DDSSM) to provide expert technical support to OAS mediation initiatives.
• Peace-building and stabilization operations in four fragile areas (Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala and the Middle East Peace Process), reflecting Canadian strategic security interests.
• Mine clearance and UN peace-building activities that supported Canada's chairing of the Sierra Leone group.
• UN peacekeeping training and planning for Francophonie partners to increase Western and Central African capacity to lead and run peace operations.
• In 2009-2010, GPSF disbursed $113,583,110 in ODA. This includes over $11 million in incremental funding provided by DFAIT to Royal Canadian Mounted Police for the Canadian Police Arrangement (CPA).^{Footnote 12}

Democracy: $4,873,000

In line with a statutory obligation to Parliament, DFAIT provided core funding to the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development (Rights & Democracy) to undertake programming work in 15 countries, including Afghanistan, Haiti, Burma and Zimbabwe. Rights & Democracy works in the areas of democratic development, economic and social rights, indigenous peoples' rights and women's rights. The Centre is an important arms-length partner of the Government of Canada. Its programming, policy research and partner­ships contribute to the visibility and impact of Canada's foreign policy abroad. Additionally, the Government benefits from the organization's expertise and worldwide networks. Its arms-length status provides it with the flexibility needed to respond to urgent human rights violations and democratic crises.

Children and Youth (Scholarships): $5,820,355

The international scholarships program facilitated by DFAIT funds higher education and advanced technical and managerial training for ODA-eligible counties. In FY 2009-10, DFAIT funded more than 650 scholarships. The scholarship program supports human capital devel­opment, creates institutional linkages with Canadian and regional post-secondary institutions in order to foster research collaborations and institutional agreements. Also, the scholarship program contributes to poverty reduction by contributing to the development of a skilled workforce, leading to economic growth and development. Brain-drain, a key challenge for developing countries, is minimized by DFAIT's scholarship program inviting students to spend one semester in Canada, while remaining registered at their home institution.

In the Caribbean and the Americas, the scholarships align with the priorities of Canada's Americas Strategy, including the promotion of democracy and good governance, as well as the rule of law and prosperity. In some countries that receive funding through DFAIT's international scholarships program, priority is given to advanced scientific studies, such as medical research, infectious disease control, and other topics of research related to sustainable resources, including agricultural water resources and food-crop production sources.

Sustainable Economic Growth: $1,725,680

Environment and Climate Change: $967,900

DFAIT's contribution to climate change and environment-related initiatives includes funding for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)—Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG). This contribution forms an important component of DFAIT's international assistance programming, as it supports effective international action to strengthen the capacity of the poorest and most vulnerable to adapt to the impacts of a changing climate. To facilitate the work of the Nairobi Work Programme, DFAIT has also provided funds to support a workshop to be hosted in Canada. In addition, DFAIT provided funding to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which provides advice to the Parties to the UNFCCC through the IPCC Assessment Reports, Special Reports and Technical Papers.

In support of Canada's Americas Strategy, DFAIT has also given significant resources to the Organization of American States for various projects/activities, including: a Coastal Vulnerability Assessment in Jamaica; meeting support for the Ad Hoc Advisory Committee on Funding Strategy; the development of a National Energy Strategy for Belize; and support for representatives from each Caribbean country to participate in the OAS meeting on Energy and the Climate.

DFAIT also provided funding to the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme to support journalists in the region to undertake media training and to report on the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties.

Investment Cooperation Program (INC): $757,780^{Footnote 13}.

The INC program supports responsible, developmentally beneficial, private sector investments in developing countries leading to sustained economic growth and poverty reduction. INC provides financial assistance to Canadian registered firms during four phases of the investment cycle: studying the commercial viability of an investment; demonstrating or adapting a technology; undertaking sustainability studies (e. g. conducting environmental and social assessments, gender analysis); and, implementing the investment (e.g. support for training of local staff, local supply chain initiatives).

This is the only federal Government program that provides direct assistance to Canadian private sector businesses to encourage responsible investment in developing countries. The program is also an important instrument for promoting corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Expected developing country results include: the creation, expansion or modernization of businesses; the creation or maintenance of new and/or higher skilled jobs; increased sales of products or services; and, local supply chain development.

Crosscutting Support

Services Rendered Abroad: $72,060,000

In accordance with the Treasury Board Common Service Policy, the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Act and the Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding on Operations and Support at Missions, DFAIT manages the procurement of goods, services, and real property in support of diplomatic and consular missions including the provision of common services for partner departments. CIDA transfers funds to DFAIT for the provision of these ODA-eligible common services provided to CIDA personnel, both Canada-based and locally-engaged, at Canada's diplomatic and consular missions abroad.

Assessed Contributions to International Organizations: $85,079,136

Assessed contributions are transfer payments by the federal government occasioned by Canada's membership in a bilateral or multilateral international organization. An OECD-DAC-determined portion of these contributions is considered ODA.

The 25 bilateral and multilateral organizations to which Canada provided ODA- eligible assessed contributions in 2009-10 include, but are not limited to:

• The World Health Organization
• The International Organization of la Francophonie
• The Commonwealth Foundation
• The United Nations Organization
• The Organization of American States
• The Food and Agriculture Organization

In order to maintain our status as a member in good standing, Canada is required to provide its share of the total operations costs for each organization of which we are a member. This not only fulfils Canada's obligations as a member of these organizations, but also allows Canada to advance our foreign and development policy priorities in key multilateral forums.

Conclusion

DFAIT's $283.1 million ODA programming in 2009-2010 was diverse, with activities ranging from security, stabilization, and peacekeeping efforts, to scholarships, environment, and climate change mitigation projects. Many of these expenditures directly supported four of the five thematic priorities for Canada's international assistance, while others were mandated by our membership in international organizations or constituted previously made commitments.

A significant element of the department's ODA programming is made up of international disaster, emergency and humanitarian assistance. DFAIT supported the Government of Canada's swift response to the catastrophic January 2010 earthquake in Haiti by helping to provide the necessary preconditions to support efforts to rebuild community security.

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International Development Research Centre

$174.04 million

The ODA of the International Development Research (IDRC) for fiscal year 2009-2010 totalled $174,041,000.^{Footnote 14}

Canada's IDRC is a Crown corporation created in 1970 that supports researchers and innovators in the developing world as they work to improve lives and lift communities out of poverty. In fiscal year 2009-2010, IDRC spent $210,947,000 in support of this effort. Parliamentary appropriations accounted for $174,041,000 (81.2 percent) of the total, equivalent to IDRC's contribution to Canada's ODA in fiscal year 2009-2010. The remainder was mainly generated by partnerships with other funders and is therefore not part of IDRC's contribution to Canada's ODA.^{Footnote 15}

IDRC provides researchers in developing countries with the funds, support, and connections they need to find solutions to the pressing problems affecting their societies. IDRC also enables many of the brightest minds in Canada and the developing world to collaborate on cutting-edge projects. These lead to improvements such as higher crop yields, increased market access, cleaner environments, better health, new technologies, fairer laws, and equal opportunities. At the end of 2009-2010, IDRC was supporting 1,021 applied research activities. The following examples attest to the Centre's commitment to making knowledge a tool for creating prosperity and opportunities throughout the developing world.

Nigeria Evidence-based Health System Initiative

About 10% of maternal deaths recorded worldwide occur in Nigeria. In response, two Nigerian states have joined the Nigeria Evidence-based Health System Initiative (NEHSI), a collaboration between that country's govern­ment, IDRC, and CIDA. The project benefits also from the expertise of the Community Information Empowerment and Transparency Trust, an IDRC-supported community health planning network. NEHSI collects timely, accurate health information that will be used to better allocate services and resources, and thus improve maternal health care. In March 2010, Nigeria's National Council on Health applauded the states' efforts and encouraged the country's 35 other states to follow suit.

Mapping Climate Change

IDRC, CIDA, and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency fund the Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA). EEPSEA supports research and training in environmental and resource economics in nine countries. Recently, EEPSEA published a striking new map that serves as a snapshot of the likely impact of climate change in every part of Southeast Asia. This vivid and detailed representation of vulnerabilities to disaster has already been embraced by governments seeking guidance in environmental policy-making and by those wishing to make their own environmental assessments.

Bolstering Think-tanks in the Developing World

IDRC collaborates with the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation on the US$90-million Think Tank Initiative, aimed at sustaining the best policy research centres in the developing world. In an initial round of grants in May 2009, some 24 African institutes were selected to receive long-term core support. Secure funding allows these organizations to develop their own research agendas rather than be driven by donor priorities. It helps them fulfill their key role: to contribute evidence to public policy debates and so strengthen democracy and public accountability. Organizations in Latin America and South Asia will receive support in the program's next phase.

High-speed Connectivity for African researchers

In 2005, IDRC support helped launch UbuntuNet Alliance, an organization that maintains a low-cost, high-performance fibre optics network providing affordable and sustainable Internet connectivity to African universities and research centres. Now, thanks to the work of UbuntuNet, the European Commission has committed more than C$15 million to link researchers in Africa to one other and to the international research community with ultra high-speed connectivity. The alliance also negotiated a dramatically reduced price for connectivity provided by SEACOM, the first private-sector submarine cable serving Africa.

Clean Air, Healthy Children

An IDRC-supported study in Mexico is one of the first to establish the health risks to children from manganese exposure. In recent years, researchers from the National Institute of Public Health tested people living near manganese mines. They found that 60 percent of adults suffered neurological problems, while the intellectual abilities of children were almost 20 percent lower than those of a comparable group living far from the mines. The researchers also traced the pollution to smokestacks and to pavement made from mining waste. Now, tougher national air-quality standards are on the way, and paving roads with mine waste has been banned.

Imaginative Solutions to Local Pollution Control

In Vietnam's Red River Delta, families that process agricultural products for a living generate huge amounts of waste, for example, by disposing of cassava peelings into the village drainage system. The result: clogged drains, polluted rivers, and ill health. Two IDRC-supported environmental economists offered a solution. Instead of the village's clean-up fund being sustained by a flat fee allocated to each household, they recommended that the fee should relate to the scale of each household's operations-as indicated by the size of the household's electricity bill. This fair-fee system worked, and village drains and roads are now much cleaner than before.

Africa's New Frontier Conference

In February 2010 in Ottawa, IDRC and the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade co-hosted a groundbreaking conference called Africa's New Frontier: Innovation. Technology. Prosperity. The event focused on an Africa of emergent economies, vibrant cultural industries, and growing technological sophistication. It drew more than 350 people, from government, the private sector, NGOs, universities, and the diplomatic community, with 20 African missions represented. Among the 48 speakers were Venâncio Massingue, Mozambique's Minister of Science and Technology, the Honourable Peter Van Loan (in his first public address as Canada's Minister of International Trade), and IDRC's Chairman, the Honourable Barbara McDougall.

Canadian International Food Security Research Fund

In October 2009, the Honourable Beverley J. Oda, Minister of Inter­national Cooperation, announced the creation of the $62-million Canadian International Food Security Research Fund. An IDRC/CIDA joint initiative, the fund supports partnerships between research organizations in Canada and in developing countries. The five-year program funds a variety of applied research projects that aim to solve immediate and concrete food security challenges in the developing world. The goal of the fund is to promote more productive and sustain­able agricultural systems that make food more secure and nutritious.

International Research Initiative on Adaptation to Climate Change

In December 2009, the International Research Initiative on Adaptation to Climate Change was launched. The $12.5-million partnership between IDRC, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada is the first time that IDRC and all three granting councils have joined together on a collaborative enterprise. This effort supports the formation of multinational teams from Canada and from low- and middle-income countries. These teams will develop networks and programs of research to advance knowledge, shape policy and programs, and mentor students.

International Community-University Research Alliance

Royal Galipeau, Member of Parliament for Ottawa-Orléans, on behalf of the Honourable Gary Goodyear, Minister of State (Science and Technology), announced in June 2009 that four research teams had been selected as part of the International Community-University Research Alliance. This $8-million initiative, funded jointly by IDRC and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, brings together community organizations and universities in Canada and in the developing world to undertake research on global issues. The selected teams will study coastal adaptation to climate change, the impact of poverty on the environment, services for at-risk youth, and mental health.

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Citizenship and Immigration Canada

$114.74 million

The ODA of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) for fiscal year 2009-2010 totalled $114,737,395,^{Footnote 16} corresponding to the total assistance provided to refugees in Canada during their first year.

The contribution of countries to international refugee protection is expressed by providing asylum and durable solutions, as well as by assisting poorer countries in hosting refugees. For developing countries, which host the majority of refugees, caring for refugees implies a significant additional burden to an already fragile economy. To alleviate these pressures, the international community and high-income countries provide assistance through the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), other international agencies, non-governmental organizations or bilaterally. They also admit refugees, either through planned resettlement programmes or by accepting asylum-seekers.

Citizenship and Immigration Canada protects refugees overseas by resettling them to Canada and provides protection to successful asylum claimants within Canada's borders. Upon arrival, resettled refugees receive income support payments for their first 12 months in Canada through the Resettlement Assistance Program. They also receive immediate settlement support including reception at the airport, temporary accommodation, basic orientation and interpretation. These services are an essential part of the refugee protection continuum for refugees resettled from abroad.

Resettled refugees under both the government assisted and private sponsorship of refugees program, as well as successful refugee claimants, are also eligible for services provided by Citizenship and Immigration's Settlement Program. These services include language skills training, a mentorship program between recently-arrived immi­grants and established residents, and support including, but not limited to, employment counselling, community orientation and translation services. All refugees are eligible for temporary health-care coverage through the Interim Federal Health program.

The reporting of assistance to refugees in Canada as official development assistance is consistent with guidelines provided by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Providing resettlement and asylum to refugees contributes to poverty reduction in developing countries as refugee populations, and the costs associated with providing asylum in these countries, are reduced. Canada considers the provision of income and settlement support to resettled refugees once they arrive as an essential component of protection. After being forced to flee their country of origin because of conflict or perse­cution, resettled refugees often arrive in this country with nothing. Canada provides financial security and support to families while they learn how to adapt and thrive in their new country.

Citizenship and Immigration Canada works closely with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to ensure that Canada's resettlement program is able to offer protection to those most in need and is used strategically to relieve the responsibility of refugee protection on host states in the developing world. In addition, the department frequently discusses the assistance provided to refugees during their first year in Canada with stakeholders including the Canadian Council for Refugees, the community of private sponsors known as Sponsorship Agreement Holders, the Resettlement Assistance Program Working Group, and relevant service providing organizations.

Since the Second World War, more than 800,000 refugees and persons in similar circumstances have come to Canada to begin a new life. In 1986, the people of Canada were awarded the Nansen Medal by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in "recognition of their major and sustained contribution to the cause of refugees." In 2009, Canada selected and resettled over 12,000 refugees from abroad. In addition, protection was granted to over 11,500 refugees and their dependents who claimed asylum within Canada.

For more information on Canada's refugee programs, please visit Citizenship and Immigration Canada website.

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Department of National Defence

$53.52 million

The ODA of the Department of National Defence (DND) for fiscal year 2009-2010 totalled $53,517,125.^{Footnote 17}

DND's ODA activities consisted of the following:

Provincial Reconstruction Team - Afghanistan: $13,126,603

The Kandahar Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) reinforces the authority of the Afghan government in Kandahar Province, monitors security, promotes Afghan government policies and priorities with local authorities, and facilitates security sector reforms.

Canada assumed responsibility for the Kandahar PRT in August 2005. Its role in Afghanistan is to help the demo­cratically elected government extend its authority and ability to govern, rebuild the nation, and provide services to its citizens.

Based in Kandahar City in the southern province of Kandahar, the Canadian PRT is located in the former heartland of the Taliban regime, which previously controlled much of Afghanistan. Kandahar is one of the Afghan provinces in greatest need of support and is also among those most targeted by insurgents.

The size of the KPRT has grown dramatically over the past year. From a 330-person PRT combining the expertise of diplomats, corrections experts, development specialists, the Canadian police (including the RCMP), and approxi­mately 280 Canadian Forces members, the increased number of US forces and civilian personnel has resulted in a KPRT of approximately 1,500 personnel. The consolidation of Canada's military area of operations in Kandahar has also resulted in the Canadian military no longer having responsibility for the entirety of Kandahar province. Accordingly, in April 2010 the KPRT transitioned from a military-led, Task Force Kandahar resource to a civilian-led, Regional Command (South) resource, led by the Representative of Canada in Kandahar, but still enabled by the military. It continues to supports key initiatives in the province and carries out a broad range of enabling roles, such as police training and strengthening local governance capacity, in line with Canada's priorities in Afghanistan.

The PRT works on projects that have impact in the long, medium, and short term. The most important achieve­ments will be those that foster long-term, sustainable benefits for the Afghan people. At the same time, quick-impact projects are also being carried out across the province to respond to the immediate needs that Afghans face in their daily lives.

More information is available on the Afghanistan website.

Operation Hestia in Haiti: $40,390,522

Operation Hestia was the Canadian Forces contribution to the Government of Canada's humanitarian effort launched in response to the 12 January Haiti earthquake. Op Hestia was the CF's largest international disaster response operation to date. Over the course of the 60-day operation more than 2,000 CF personnel were deployed in support of the humanitarian efforts. It was a joint operation made up of land, sea and air elements, all of which provided lifesaving assistance to the people of Haiti.

The Canadian Forces were deployed to provide human­itarian assistance to the population of Haiti centred in Léogâne and Jacmel and to support the Canadian embassy in Port au Prince. Under Op Hestia, Joint Task Force Haiti (JTFH), which included the Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) and other Canadian Forces capabilities, delivered services in support of the human­itarian assistance response in these regions. In particular, JTFH provided emergency medical services, engineering expertise; mobility by sea, land, and air; and defence and security support. These tasks included providing security to our operations in these locations, facilitating the delivery of humanitarian assistance, producing and delivering water and conducting minor road repair.

Over the course of the deployment the CF produced more than 2.6 million litres of water, distributed more than 1.4 million rations and treated over 20,000 patients. They cleared more than 212 km of road and assisted in evacuating more than 4,600 Canadians.

More information is available on the National Defence and the Canadian Forces website.

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Royal Canadian Mounted Police

$31.69 million

The ODA of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) for fiscal year 2009-2010 totalled $31,694,192. ^{Footnote 18}

The RCMP, on behalf of the Government of Canada, manages the deployment of Canadian police to peace missions abroad in partnership with more than two dozen municipal and provincial police services. The RCMP's International Peace Operations Branch oversees the selection process and pre-deployment training, and provides medical, psychological, and logistical support throughout the mission cycle.

In 2009-2010, the branch deployed approximately 250 Canadian police to 19 separate missions in 13 countries, including Afghanistan, Haiti, and Sudan. Their role is to assist in rebuilding and strengthening police services in countries that have had, or are currently experiencing, conflict or upheaval.

By building the capacity of foreign police to maintain law and order, Canadian police, in cooperation with international partners, help create a safer and more stable environment. This in turn paves the way for long-term development, and can also prevent illicit activities from spilling across borders into other countries, including Canada.

Foreign requests for Canadian police assistance come from organizations such as the United Nations or European Union, or from specific countries. The decision to deploy Canadian police is made within the framework of the Canadian Police Arrangement (CPA), a partnership between DFAIT, CIDA, Public Safety Canada, and the RCMP.

More information on the CPA is available on the RCMP website.

More information on the International Peace Operations Branch is available on the RCMP website.

Following are some examples of Canadian police participation in missions.

Afghanistan

Canadian police officers are supporting various missions in Afghanistan. One of them is the NATO Training Mission - Afghanistan (NTMA). Its main focus is to develop the Ministry of the Interior and to staff, train, and equip the Afghan National Police (ANP). An additional critical element is to "operationalize" the ANP from top to bottom, improving accountability and providing greater visibility in areas where the coalition can assist Afghans to become more self-sufficient.

More information is available on the NTMA website.

La Côte d'Ivoire

Police officers within the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) are responsible for ensuring compliance with the United Nations mandate as well with as international criminal justice and human rights standards. They ensure that law and order is effectively maintained. The mission's mandate calls for non-executive policing duties, which include a monitoring role. Canadian police officers are responsible for assessing and identifying the current training standards and needs of police officers.

More information is available on the UNOCI website.

Haiti

Police officers within the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) are responsible for ensuring compliance with the United Nations mandate, as well as with international criminal justice and human rights standards. They monitor, advise and train the Haitian National Police, and also assess and identify current training standards and needs.

More information is available on the MINUSTAH website.

Sudan

Canadian police within the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) are responsible for assisting with the restructuring of the South Sudan Police Service. They are tasked with developing core policing functions and creating a modern and effective service that operates fairly and impartially, observes the rule of law, respects human rights, and performs at acceptable international standards of conduct.

More information is available on the UNMIS website.

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Health Canada

$13.39 million

Health Canada's ODA for fiscal year 2009-2010 totalled $13,385,000.^{Footnote 19} The causes of ill health do not respect borders. In May 2009, H1N1, a new pandemic influenza virus emerged unex­pectedly out of Mexico, forcing a shift from preparedness activities to global and regional mitigation efforts. Non-communicable diseases also continue to account for the majority of deaths and illnesses in the Americas, regardless of the country of residence. In some populations, infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, vector-borne malaria, and dengue continue to spread with devastating results. Marginalized and poor populations especially indigenous people, women, children, and the elderly continue to suffer the most from inequitable access to health services. Given the massive and frequent movement of people and goods among countries, it is crucial that Canada work in partnership to address threats to global health.

Canada has committed to undertake activities that will address the health concerns of citizens from across the Americas. We view health as a fundamental investment that has both economic and political benefits. Healthy people are productive people who make important con­tributions to the economic well-being of their country. Collaboration among countries in the Americas region benefits us all through the creation of opportunities to share expertise, knowledge, and information with the ultimate goal of addressing the health concerns affecting the region.

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) serves as the regional office for the Americas of the World Health Organization, as well as the technical health agency of the Organization of American States. PAHO's mission is to lead strategic collaborative efforts among member states and other partners to promote equity in health, combat disease, and improve the quality of life and lengthen the lifespan of peoples of the Americas. Canada's assessed contribution^{Footnote 20} to PAHO supports this mission.

Canada has been an active member of PAHO since 1971, playing a leadership role in advancing governance and program policy issues at the organization. Through PAHO, Canada advances multilateral and bilateral relations in health, and provides technical cooperation and capacity building. In May 2010, during the World Health Assembly in Geneva, Canada and PAHO signed an agreement to strengthen their joint action on global and regional health and development issues. The Framework for Cooperation Agreement calls for heightened and focused cooperation among PAHO and Canadian government agencies and nongovernmental organizations in priority areas such as governance, health system strengthening, emerging and re-emerging diseases, chronic diseases, health of indigenous peoples, gender and human rights, and research for evidence-based decision making.

Canadian technical experts are regularly called upon to participate in regional meetings and initiatives. Small-scale health projects are also supported through the PAHO-Canada Biennial Workplan Budget, managed by Health Canada and PAHO. This allows for partnerships between Canada and Latin America and the Caribbean to advance strategic health priorities.

For example, support from PAHO and Health Canada has deepened and secured important new ground in collaboration between the Guyana Ministry of Health and the WHO/PAHO Canadian Collaborating Centre on mental health at the University of Dalhousie's Department of Psychiatry. The cooperation seeks to strengthen the mental health and primary health care system in Guyana through the development of capacity of existing primary health care services to provide services for persons suffering from depressive and anxiety disorders. This project was derived from the strategic goals of Guyana's Ministry of Health's Mental Health Policy and Plan.

More information is available on the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) website.

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Environment Canada

$2.05 million

Environment Canada's ODA for fiscal year 2009-2010 totalled $2,047,000.^{Footnote 21} Environment Canada recognizes that international cooperation on environmental issues is of growing importance, and environmental sustainability is an essential element for global economic and social well-being. Unfortunately, over-exploitation of natural resources and degradation of the environment have caused alarming changes around the world. For developing countries that most depend on ecosystem goods and services for their livelihood, these environmental changes directly harm their most vulnerable populations. However, efforts to preserve and improve the environment in developing countries led to enhanced fulfilment of basic needs, improved living standards, and a safer, more prosperous future.

In 2009-2010, Environment Canada provided official development assistance through two types of activities: i) support for multilateral environmental organizations; and ii) bilateral technical cooperation and capacity building with developing countries.

1) Support for Multilateral Environmental Organizations:

Environment Canada provides support to various multi­lateral organizations to assist developing countries in improving environmental conditions and, therefore, improving the livelihoods of vulnerable populations in these countries. For example, Environment Canada provides annual support to the United Nations Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol. This Fund was created in 1991 to assist developing countries with the costs of phasing out ozone-depleting substances. Environment Canada is responsible for contributing 20 percent of Canada's assessed obligation^{Footnote 22} to the Fund. Resources from the Fund are used to ensure that phase-out of these substances does not adversely affect the economies of developing countries.

Environment Canada also renewed its financial commit­ment to the UNEP Global Environment Monitoring System Water Programme (GEMS/Water). GEMS/Water is the primary source for global water quality data.

In 2009-2010, Environment Canada supported the Basel Convention. Funds were used to support the participation of developing country representatives in discussions on the Basel New Strategic Framework.

Finally, Environment Canada provides Canada's annual contribution to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The WMO supports developing countries in strengthening their national meteorological and hydrological services.

2) Bilateral Technical Cooperation and Capacity Building with Developing Countries:

Environment Canada also engages in bilateral technical cooperation and capacity building with various developing countries on environmental issues that directly affect the environment and well-being of developing country citizens.

In 2009-2010, Environment Canada provided technical support to developing countries on wildlife conservation. This included support for the Neotropical Waterbird Census, the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network, and the Southern Cone Grasslands Alliance, all aimed at increasing the capacity of developing countries to monitor and improve conservation efforts. Similar bilateral support was provided to Cuba, Argentina, the Andean region, Suriname, Colombia, and El Salvador.

Environment Canada also supported developing countries in international training events on key environmental issues including a capacity building workshop on water and disaster management, a workshop on satellite monitoring in support of agricultural activities, and support to Mexico to improve emission estimates from the power generating industry.

Finally, in 2009-2010 Environment Canada provided support to Chile, within the context of the 1997 Canada-Chile Agreement on Environmental Cooperation, on parks management, enforcement of wildlife trading regulations, pulp and paper effluent monitoring, and conservation of shared migratory birds. In this way, Environment Canada contributes to the policies of sustainable development promoted by the Government of Chile.

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Labour Canada

$1.70 million

Labour Canada's ODA for fiscal year 2009-2010 totalled $1,700,000.^{Footnote 23} The Labour Program negotiates and administers Canada's Labour Cooperation Agreements (LCAs), which are signed alongside Free Trade Agreements. LCAs include commitments to protect internationally-recognized core labour rights and to enforce domestic labour laws. LCAs are intended to protect workers' basic rights and improve working conditions and standards of living in the signatory countries. These agreements also ensure fair competition for Canadian industry in a globalized world. Canada's latest generation of LCAs contains mechanisms to receive and investigate complaints and impose penalties, where warranted.

In addition to negotiating and administering LCAs, the Labour Program provides technical assistance to developing countries. This assistance funds capacity-building projects that support the modernization of labour policy and administration. Such projects foster better enforcement of national labour laws and greater respect for internationally-recognized core labour standards.

Technical assistance is delivered through the International Trade and Labour Program (ITLP), a grants and contri­butions program established in 2004. The ITLP seeks to strengthen institutions of democratic governance; promote economic growth while respecting workers' rights; and improve the quality of working conditions in partner countries.

In fiscal year 2009-2010, the Labour Program provided a total of $1.7 million in ODA through grants to multilateral organizations and to non-governmental organizations. Multiyear support was given to the International Labour Organization (ILO) for the implementation of one project in Colombia and another in Jordan. The Inter-American Network for Labour Administration^{Footnote 24}, which operates within the framework of the Organization of American States (OAS), the Caribbean Policy Development Centre, and the Asia Foundation in Afghanistan were also recipients of grant funding.

In fiscal year 2009-2010, the Labour Program provided the ILO with $150,000 to continue the implementation of a project in Colombia that seeks to promote labour rights. The objective of this project is to strengthen the Permanent Commission on Wage and Labour Policies (CPCPSL). The CPCPSL promotes national bipartite and tripartite social dialogue, in order to improve labour relations and further gender-based decent work at the business and productive sector levels. The project will improve synergies between the government, employers, and union organizations within the Tripartite Agreement to Promote Freedom of Association and Democracy, which was signed in June 2006.

The Labour Program also provided $493,000 to the ILO's Better Work Program in Jordan. This funding is being used to strengthen the capacity of human resource management systems in Jordanian garment factories, to help employers comply with ILO core labour standards and national labour law.

In fiscal year 2009-2010, the Labour Program provided the Inter-American Network for Labour Administration with $140,000 to further its capacity-building programming in Central and South America and in the Caribbean. Part of this funding is also being used to implement the RIAL Cooperation Fund, which facilitates small-scale bilateral cooperation exchanges among the ministries of labour in the Americas. These initiatives contribute to strengthening labour administration in the region and compliance with internationally recognized core labour standards.

The Labour Program provided $500,000 to the Caribbean Policy Development Centre to implement a regional project that will enhance the capacity of civil society organizations in the Caribbean to be engaged in issues related to the treatment of labour matters in international trade agreements.

Finally, the Labour Program provided $400,000 to the Asia Foundation to implement a project that seeks to strengthen the Afghan Ministry of Labour's capacity to effectively implement and enforce new Afghan labour law and promote respect for international labour standards. The project will also raise general awareness in regards to labour rights in Afghanistan.

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Industry Canada

$1.08 million

Industry Canada's ODA for fiscal year 2009-2010 totalled $1,082,866.^{Footnote 25}

Industry Canada's contribution was in the form of Canada's annual assessed contribution^{Footnote 26} to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

Industry Canada is Canada's official representative to the ITU, and serves on its Governing Council of 46 member states.

Canada's contribution supports the ITU's mandate to enable the growth and sustained development of telecommuni­ca­tions and information networks, and to facilitate universal access so that people everywhere can participate in and benefit from the emerging information society and global economy. The ability to communicate freely is a prerequisite for a more equitable, prosperous, and peaceful world. ITU assists in mobilizing the technical, financial, and human resources needed to make this vision a reality.

A key priority is bridging the digital divide by building information and communication infrastructure, promoting adequate capacity building, and developing confidence in the use of cyberspace through enhanced online security. Achieving cybersecurity and cyberpeace are among the most critical concerns of the information age, and the ITU is taking concrete measures through its landmark Global Cybersecurity Agenda.

The ITU also concentrates on strengthening emergency communications for disaster prevention and mitigation. While both developing and developed countries are equally vulnerable to natural disasters, poorer nations are harder-hit because of their already fragile economies and lack of resources.

Whether through developing the standards used to create infrastructure to deliver telecommunications services on a worldwide basis, or equitably managing the radio frequency spectrum and satellite orbits to help bring wireless services to every corner of the world, or providing support to countries as they pursue telecommunications development strategies all the elements of the ITU's work are centred on the goals of putting every human being within easy and affordable reach of information and communications, and thus contributing significantly toward economic and social development for all people.

The ITU has a dual responsibility as a United Nations specialized agency and an executing agency for imple­menting projects under the United Nations development system or other funding arrangements.

Its duties involve:

• assisting countries in the field of information and communication technology by facilitating the mobilization of technical, human, and financial resources needed for its implementation, as well as by promoting access to this technology;

• promoting the extension of the benefits of information and communication technology to all the world's citizens;

• promoting and participating in actions that contribute to narrowing the digital divide; and

• developing and managing programs that facilitate information flow geared to the needs of developing countries.

More information is available on the International Telecommunication Union website.

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Parks Canada

$0.41 million

Parks Canada's ODA for fiscal year 2009-2010 totalled $411,000.^{Footnote 27}

Overall, Parks Canada provides official development assistance at two levels, multilaterally and bilaterally. Its multilateral funding includes its annual core contribution to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) World Heritage Fund, and its membership dues as Canada's representative to the World Conservation Union (IUCN).

Bilateral ODA work undertaken by Parks Canada in 2009-2010 included supporting international participation in Canada's Parks System Leadership Course. For the third year in a row, Parks Canada facilitated the partici­pation of two international representatives, this year from Chile, in this week-long course delivered by the Canadian Parks Council.

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Appendix: Summary of CIDA's 2008-2009 Departmental Performance Report

Financial Resources (2008-2009)

Planned spending	Total authorities	Actual spending
$3,222,771,000	$3,614,520,939	$3,591,465,088

Human Resources—Full-Time Equalivalents (FTES) (2008-2009)

Planned	Actual	Difference
1,834	1,870	36

The following progress was made toward development goals and reducing poverty:

Canada was on track to meet its commitment to double international assistance to $5 billion by 2010-2011, and in 2008-2009 met its commitment to double assistance to Africa.

Reducing poverty is at the core of CIDA's mission and means addressing challenges such as lack of education, high illiteracy rates, poor health, access to food and water, economic opportunities, as well as concerns of safety and security. In 2008-2009, CIDA contributed to initiatives and sectors (in particular food security, child health, and education) that are directly related to the Millennium Development Goals.

For example:

• In Africa, more children-boys and girls-attended school than ever before. The mortality rate for children under the age of five in Tanzania was reduced by one-third since 1999. Access to clean water was increased in Ghana. And thousands of small food producers in Senegal saw their revenues increased.

• In the Americas, more than 70,000 children became healthier and better nourished in Honduras. In Haiti, a once-marginalized violent neighbourhood began the transformation to becoming a safer, youth-friendly community. Key institutions such as the Caribbean Regional Technical Assistance Centre were better equipped to strengthen the region's economy. In Peru, the success of a literacy model for rural primary students influenced the national education policy.

• In Asia, small entrepreneurs and microbusinesses in Vietnam were trained to expand their activities. Survivors of the earthquake in China and of Cyclone Nargis in Burma received emergency assistance and support for reconstruction. And in Afghanistan, hundreds of square kilometres of land were cleared of landmines, and critical work began to restore an important irrigation dam.

• In the Middle East, thousands of Palestinians benefited from access to food, water, shelter, medical materials, and sanitation services during the conflict that affected the region.

Progress toward democratic governance

In 2008-2009 CIDA worked to build effective governments that promote democratic participation and human rights, and that ensure equality and non-discrimination at the country and regional levels.

For example:

• CIDA's support to multilateral election observation missions in countries such as Bangladesh, Ghana, El Salvador, and Bolivia helped to promote trans­parency and accountability, thereby increasing public confidence in the electoral process and the election results.

• As a result of hundreds of thousands of Haitian and Afghan voters being registered for upcoming elections, in-country electoral institutions have demonstrated a strengthened capacity to effectively manage electoral processes.

• Human rights violations were documented and legal aid was provided to detained human rights defenders in Zimbabwe while hundreds of human rights complaints have been successfully resolved in Bolivia.

• With the support of the Office of the Auditor General of Canada and the Canada School of Public Service, the Office of the Auditor General of Mali was put in place to establish modern audit standards, procedures, and techniques in that country—the first of its kind in West Africa.

• Strengthened audit techniques and standards in Benin, Costa Rica, Ghana, Guyana, Kenya, Mali, Tanzania, Thailand, and Vietnam resulted in increased accountability and improved local audit capacity.

Sustained support and informed action by Canadians in international development

In 2008-2009 an estimated one million Canadian children and educators were engaged in an active exploration of international development issues to help them get to know their global neighbours, appreciate different world views, and understand the global impact of their choices and actions.

With CIDA support, about 2,500 Canadian volunteers were directly engaged in international development activities around the world. As well, some 400 young Canadians shared their skills with 55 organizations in 60 developing countries and got first-hand experience in the challenges faced by poor people every day.

Departmental priorities

Of the seven priorities CIDA had for 2008-2009, there was significant progress for six of them and one was met.

Effectiveness of Canada's Aid Program—To increase effectiveness and efficiency, Canada has: strengthened geographic focus; further untied aid; enhanced field presence; improved administrative efficiency; reinforced the independence of the evaluation function; led the international dialogue on civil society and aid effectiveness; and realigned the Agency's structure and governance.

Development and Reconstruction of Afghanistan—In 2008-2009, Afghanistan was Canada's largest bilateral aid recipient. CIDA contributed to the following: promoting economic growth and the delivery of basic services, providing humanitarian assistance to increase Afghan capacity to deal with crises, and advancing effective and accountable public institutions and electoral processes.

Implementing the Americas Strategy—Progress was made in implementing the Americas strategy, with an emphasis on the Caribbean and on Haiti, the second-largest recipient of Canada's assistance and where CIDA has played a leadership role in donor coordination.

Meeting the Africa Commitment—In its 2008 budget, the government reconfirmed its commitment to double assistance to Africa. As of March 2009, this commitment had been met. This means that between 2003-2004 and 2008-2009, Canada's assistance to Africa increase from $1.05 billion to $2.1 billion.

Canada's Focus on Democracy Support—Several initiatives were assessed.

Enhancing Technical and Vocational Education and Training—CIDA developed and launched the Skills for Employment Initiative in March 2009. This $95-million initiative will help developing countries build a skilled workforce necessary for economic growth.

Renewing Private Sector Development—CIDA's Industrial Cooperation Program (known as CIDA-INC) was redesigned and the government announced its intention to transfer the program to the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade.

Program activities

1) Countries of concentration

CIDA program activity involves engaging in long-term development assistance in countries of concentration.

Progress in health and sanitation was made in 2008-2009 in several countries of concentration, including Ghana, where cumulatively more than 1.6 million residents in the north have access to safe water, contributing to a significant decrease in the incidence of Guinea worm. In Ethiopia there has been impressive progress in reducing child mortality. With CIDA assistance, antimalarial bed nets are now installed in 100 percent of households in malaria-affected parts of the country (compared to 91 percent in 2007-2008) and the malaria death rate is falling rapidly: it has decreased by more than 50 percent since 2005.

2) Fragile states and countries experiencing humanitarian crisis

In 2008-2009, CIDA with other donors, helped feed more than 102 million people in 78 countries.

CIDA worked with trusted partner organizations, such as United Nations agencies, the Red Cross Movement and Canadian non-governmental organizations (NGOs), to respond to complex humanitarian situations and natural disasters in more than 25 countries.

CIDA responded to complex humanitarian situations in several countries and regions, including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, Iraq, and Kenya.

CIDA responded to numerous natural disasters in 2008-2009 such as Cyclone Nargis in Burma, the Sichuan earthquake in China, and the Atlantic hurricane season that particularly affected Haiti.

CIDA provided significant food assistance primarily through its two main food-assistance partners: the World Food Programme and the Canadian Foodgrains Bank.

CIDA's support to key public institutions in Haiti and Afghanistan, through training and technical assistance, contributed to building capacity in many critical institutions.

In Afghanistan and Haiti, Canada and its partners, including national governments and their parliaments, have made democratic governance a priority.

CIDA, along with others in the Joint Donor Team, provided support to the Government of Southern Sudan.

3) Selected countries and regions

CIDA provided assistance to selected countries and regions to enhance their capacity to achieve stability, meet their development goals and contribute to Canada's international interests.

CIDA's well-targeted programming including funding for health, education, food security, and democratic governance.

For example, regional programming in West Africa improved epidemiological monitoring in the health ministries of five countries—Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger—as 600 health officers were trained and 230 epidemiological surveillance centres established.

Education targets were met in Peru where CIDA piloted a literacy model for rural primary students. CIDA is working in Egypt, Jordan, and Morocco along the same lines to advance education reform.

Well-placed CIDA programming at the country level allowed for continued progress toward food security in the Americas.

4) Multilateral, international and Canadian institutions

During 2008-2009, CIDA continued to promote multi­lateral effectiveness through its assessments of partner effectiveness, part of its work with the Multilateral Organization Performance Assessment Network (MOPAN). Assessments were made of the ability of multi­lateral partners to plan, achieve, monitor, and report on gender equality results.

CIDA continued to pursue greater effectiveness and accountability with its Canadian partners. In 2008-2009, CIDA partnered with the seven provincial councils for international cooperation to design and deliver new training programs in results-based management and gender equality to more than 200 participants. CIDA worked closely with nine volunteer cooperation agencies (VCAs) to renew a $244.6-million multi-country program that will provide support for the placement of 8,500 Canadian volunteers over five years (2009-2014).

5) Engaging Canadian citizens

This program activity provides opportunities for Canadians to increase their awareness, deepen their understanding, and engage in international development.

CIDA's Public Engagement Fund directly reached more than 55,000 people in 2008-2009 through workshops, speaking tours, participatory theatre, training of youth leaders, art and multimedia contests, leadership develop­ment, lectures, and films. CIDA exceeded the target set in 2008 of reaching a minimum of 10,000 Canadians.

Through the use of education resources and activities developed with the support of CIDA's Global Classroom Initiative, an estimated one million Canadian children and educators were engaged in 2008-2009 in active exploration of international development issues.

CIDA supported several electoral missions involving 39 Canadian election observers.

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End notes

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Alternate Format

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Report to Parliament on the Government of Canada's Official Development Assistance 2009-2010 (PDF, 704 KB, 47 pages)