Report to Parliament on the Government of Canada's Official Development Assistance 2010–2011

• Message from the Minister
• Concrete Results from Canadian Official Development Assistance
• Summaries by Department
• Canadian International Development Agency
• Department of Finance Canada
• Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada
• International Development Research Centre
• Citizenship and Immigration Canada
• Department of National Defence
• Royal Canadian Mounted Police
• Health Canada
• Environment Canada
• Labour Canada
• Natural Resources Canada
• Industry Canada
• Parks Canada
• Appendix: Summary of CIDA's 2009-2010 Departmental Performance Report

Message from the Minister

When our government took office five years ago, we set out to make Canada's international assistance more effective, focused, and accountable so that our country could make a meaningful difference to people living in poverty around the world and ensure that we are giving Canadians value for their money. We have made tremendous strides in this direction.

In 2010-2011, for example, international development was at the centre of the government's agenda as the Prime Minister championed Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (MNCH) at the G-8 Leaders Summit in Muskoka. The Muskoka Initiative announced commitments totalling $7.3 billion in new funding to save the lives of mothers and children and put families in a position where they can better determine their future. The commitments included $1.1 billion in new Canadian funding between 2010 and 2015.

Canada's leadership in the G-8 Muskoka Initiative on MNCH also helped shape the accountability framework for the UN Secretary-General's Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health, launched as part of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals in September 2010.

This led to the creation of the UN Commission on Information and Accountability for Women's and Children's Health, which the Prime Minister co-chaired with the President of Tanzania. The commission held its first meeting in January 2010 in Geneva, Switzerland, and its second and final meeting in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in May 2011. Its report was released on May 19, 2011.

Under Canada's co-chairmanship, the commission made significant progress on maternal, newborn, and child health by reaching an agreement on a shared model for monitoring results and tracking resources.

Meanwhile, Canada supported assistance efforts in some of the most challenging places in the world, including Haiti after the devastating January 2010 earthquake. Canada played a leadership role by providing immediate assistance to Haitians in the earthquake-affected areas, as well as longer-term support for Haitians through Canadian and global organizations, and support to Haiti's public, electoral, security, and financial institutions.

In Afghanistan, the Canadian International Development Agency continued to make progress on Canada's signature projects, such as the Dahla Dam, and maintained its leading role in education and in maternal and child health.

In Pakistan, Canada contributed significantly to relief and early recovery efforts following the severe monsoon floods in summer 2010. In Sudan, Canada played a key role in a successful referendum as part of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, which led to the independence of South Sudan.

These are only some of the products of Canada's official development assistance. Other, longer-term results reflect the efforts of people in many departments and agencies across the Government of Canada who are often working in remote villages and rural areas, and in the company of other donor nations, building knowledge, markets, infrastructure, and ecosystems—and above all, livelihoods—in developing countries.

Canadians can take pride in these efforts, encapsulated here in the Report to Parliament on the Government of Canada's Official Development Assistance 2010-2011, as required by the Official Development Assistance Accountability Act.

The Honourable Beverley J. Oda, P.C., M.P. Minister of International Cooperation

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This is the third report on Canadian official development assistance since the Official Development Assistance Accountability Act (the Act) came into force on June 28, 2008.

This report meets the reporting requirements of subsections 5(1) and 5(3) of the Act.

The statistical report required under subsection 5(2) of the Act, with details about disbursements counted as official development assistance, will be published by the end of March 2012 on CIDA's website.

The Act is available online.

Concrete Results from Canadian Official Development Assistance

Canada is contributing to global efforts to meet the needs of those living in poverty in developing countries by using a variety of instruments that deliver on its commitment to provide effective official development assistance.

• Canada contributes to maternal, newborn, and child health by supporting activities to strengthen health services at the community level, reduce the burden of diseases, and improve nutrition. Canada also takes a leadership role in the international effort to ensure accountability for results in this vital area of development.
  
  
• Canada helps countries on the path to food security and economic growth by supporting private-sector development, agriculture, the development of a skilled workforce, and better policies and laws to underpin market-oriented economies in developing countries. Canada's efforts work to break down the barriers to women's economic empowerment so that they can increase the prosperity of their families, communities, and countries.
  
  
• Canada directly helps those who are affected by natural disasters and conflicts by providing international humanitarian assistance, delivering food aid, facilitating reconstruction, and supporting peacebuilding efforts.
  
  
• Canada helps put in place and strengthen the foundations for progress in education, health, economic growth, food security, and other key sectors of sustainable development by strengthening the capacity of public administrations in developing countries to govern democratically and administer their resources responsibly.
  
  
• Canada is shaping outcomes in numerous development-related areas, including international financial stability, climate change, food security, health, telecommunications, and regional security in areas of conflict by investing in and supporting recognized international and multilateral organizations.
  
  
• By providing debt relief, Canada helps developing countries to dedicate their scarce resources to reducing poverty and improving the lives of their citizens.
  
  
• Canada encourages Canadian citizens to be engaged and contribute their best ideas and efforts to make a difference in the world by supporting our own civil society, non-governmental partners, and the private sector.
  
  
• Canada supports and protects refugees while providing financial support to help them adapt to their new environment.
  
  
• Canada contributes to a safer world for all, including Canadians, by supporting sustainable development and by promoting democracy and human rights.

Summaries by Department

A number of Canadian federal government departments^{Note 1} disbursed official development assistance (ODA) funds in 2010-2011.

Table 1
ODA disbursements by department in order of amount
2010-2011

Department	Disbursements ($ millions)
Department	($ millions)
Canadian International Development Agency	3,591.74
Department of Finance Canada	846.56
Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada	308.35
International Development Research Centre	172.8
Citizenship and Immigration Canada	135.71
Department of National Defence	16.53
Royal Canadian Mounted Police	36.86
Health Canada	12.98
Environment Canada	9.71
Labour Canada	1.9
Natural Resources Canada	1.75
Industry Canada	1.07
Parks Canada	0.5
Subtotal	5,136.47
Services supporting CIDA activitiesNote 2	28.39
TOTAL	5,164.86

Source: CIDA

The following pages summarize the activities undertaken with these funds under the Official Development Assistance Accountability Act.

Additional details will appear in a statistical report, to be published by the end of March 2012.

Canadian International Development Agency
$3,591.74 million

The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) is the government's principal organization responsible for managing Canada's official development assistance (ODA) program. It supports programs and projects whose primary objective is poverty reduction. It also engages in policy development in Canada and internationally to support Canada's development objectives in a manner consistent with Canadian foreign policy.

CIDA's official development assistance^{Note 3} for fiscal year 2010-2011 totalled $3,591,744,146.89.^{Note 4}

CIDA's aid program has three thematic priorities: increasing food security, securing the future of children and youth, and stimulating economic growth.

Each theme is linked to poverty reduction and takes into account the perspectives of the poor. For women, men, and children in the developing world, a lack of sufficient, safe, and nutritious food undermines their health and limits their ability to learn at school or earn a living. A lack of food security is a central obstacle to reducing poverty.

Because Canada recognizes the immense worth and hope that children and youth bring to developing countries, it works to help them reach their potential. CIDA, through its Children and Youth Strategy, is supporting the world's young people to become healthy, educated, and productive citizens-giving them the chance to avoid poverty. At a time when as many as 2.6 billion people worldwide are living on less than $2 a day, there is ample evidence that sustainable economic growth is also critical to reducing poverty. In fact, countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America have shown repeatedly that growing the economy is the best way to help people permanently lift themselves out of poverty.

CIDA has a long-standing and deep tradition of consultation in Canada and abroad. This includes extensive consultation with partner governments, other donors, and civil society. In 2010-2011, CIDA held more than 100 consultations in Canada and overseas with more than 7,300 stakeholders and partners on a vast range of topics. These consultations are valuable for sharing information, engaging stakeholders, and informing CIDA's work. CIDA also ensures that consultation takes place at program and project levels. The variety of formal and informal processes in place to ensure that this happens include participatory approaches in project and program design, ongoing consultations with local partners and beneficiaries as project implementation progresses, and collaborative evaluations to learn lessons together.

CIDA's assistance is also consistent with international human rights standards. CIDA supports human rights activities in many countries. It also ensures that its programs do not contribute, directly or indirectly, to violations of human rights.

Concrete Results

CIDA produces sustainable development results in collaboration with partners in developing countries, other donor nations, multilateral organizations, and Canadian government and non-governmental organizations.Although the outcomes of Canada's investments in 2010-2011 will be realized over many years, CIDA is monitoring its initiatives and witnessing results today. These are specific results:

• Canada is a founding partner and principal donor of the Micronutrient Initiative, which leads the global effort to address deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin A, iodine, and zinc. CIDA's support of $150 million over five years, of which $46 million is disbursed in 2010-2011, is helping millions of children and pregnant mothers receive the micronutrients they need to survive and improve their quality of life.
  
  
• CIDA's contribution to global efforts to immunize more than 100 million children each year is helping save more than 2.5 million lives annually- and the numbers are growing. In 1998 barely half of African children were vaccinated against diphtheria, whooping cough, and tetanus; by 2007 nearly three quarters had received their shots. In 2010, under the auspices of Canada's signature project to eradicate polio in Afghanistan, eight immunization campaigns reached more than seven million children.
  
  
• In 2010-2011, CIDA contributed to global humanitarian-assistance efforts in 31 countries, including Haiti, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Libya. It contributed $332 million in food assistance, mostly through the World Food Programme (WFP) and the Canadian Foodgrains Bank. For instance, in response to the Pakistan floods, the WFP's air operation flew close to 3,500 missions, transporting more than 12,200 tonnes of food and other emergency humanitarian goods for almost 20 organizations. This provided supplies to an estimated one million people who were inaccessible other than by air.
  
  
• In 2010-2011, CIDA contributed to a $19.9-million program with Developpement international Desjardins to build the capacity of microfinance institutions in 15 countries. The project improved microfinance governance and built the financial leadership and expertise of local microfinance institutions. This funding offered the poor better access to a more diverse and affordable portfolio of financial services and reached 2.7 million new clients.
  
  
• CIDA was also proud to assist the emerging, but fragile, democratic movements in North Africa and the Middle East. For example, it played a key role in supporting the 2011 referendum that set South Sudan on a path to statehood.

Summary of activities by Thematic Priorities

As part of its aid effectiveness agenda, the Government of Canada has identified five thematic priorities for its international assistance^{Note 5} to sharpen the focus of Canada's international assistance:

• increasing food security;
• securing the future of children and youth;
• stimulating sustainable economic growth;
• ensuring security and stability; and
• advancing democracy.

Within this enhanced focus, the majority of CIDA's efforts went to increasing food security, securing the future of children and youth, and stimulating sustainable economic growth. This approach also reinforces CIDA's efforts to integrate environmental sustainability; improve equality between women and men; and support strong governance practices and institutions, including human rights, in all areas of its work.

Table 2
CIDA activities by thematic priority
2010-2011

Thematic Priority	Spending ($ millions)	Number of Projects Funded (new and ongoing)
Increasing food security	736.1	400
Securing the future of children and youth	1038.4	545
Stimulating sustainable economic growth	824	688

Source: CIDA

Increasing food security
$736.1 million

In October 2009 the Minister of International Cooperation released CIDA's Food Security Strategy, with the objective of addressing the extreme hunger and malnutrition of the world's most vulnerable people.

CIDA's food security portfolio is strategically diverse and robust. CIDA is implementing effective programs under each of the Food Security Strategy's three pillars: sustainable agricultural development, food aid and nutrition, and research and development. Over the past year, Canada has taken a number of significant steps to address food security:

• Since 2009-2010, Canada has provided $33 million in funding to the WFP's innovative Purchase for Progress (P4P) initiative in Afghanistan ($22.8 million), Ghana ($7.2 million), and Guatemala ($3 million). In Afghanistan, P4P is planning to support 136,000 farmers in purchasing 176,000 tonnes of wheat and fortified foods. In addition to connecting farmers to markets, P4P provides technical assistance to smallholder farm families in crop management and technologies to increase the quality and quantity of yields. As of March 20ll, in Guatemala, the WFP was able to identify 24 farmer organizations representing 3,380 farmers from whom they bought more than 120 tonnes of maize and 24 tonnes of beans.
  
  
• At the 2009 G-8 Summit in L'Aquila, Italy, the Prime Minister committed $1.18 billion over three years to sustainable agricultural development as part of the broader G-8 L'Aquila Food Security Initiative commitment to mobilize US$20 billion for sustainable agricultural development over three years. In 2010-2011, CIDA fully disbursed its L'Aquila commitment, which includes $600 million in additional resources-the first G-8 country to fully deliver.
  
  
• Due to CIDA's support in 2010-20ll to the Micronutrient Initiative, more than 211 million children received vitamin A supplements and 328 million people received iodized salt. In addition, children received 5.6 million zinc tablets and 39,550 tonnes of food were fortified with iron.
  
  
• CIDA continues to support the Canadian International Food Security Research Fund (of which CIDA provided $7 million in 2010-20ll), which it jointly administers with the International Development Research Centre. The fund encourages practical, applied research conducted jointly by Canadian and developing-country organizations. Research focuses on finding practical solutions to food-security challenges, such as crop resilience, nutrition, and infectious diseases related to crops and animal production.
  
  
• For child survival, including maternal health, CIDA invested $991,000 in the Primate's World Relief and Development Fund, allowing more than 250,000 women, children, youth, and men in Bangladesh, Burundi, Mozambique, and Tanzania to directly benefit from HIVIAIDS-prevention measures, access to safe water, enhanced nutrition, and food security through the program.

CIDA's new approach to increasing food security is helping communities to address immediate food needs and to find ways to achieve lasting food security so they can escape the cycle of poverty.

Securing the future of children and youth
$1,038.4 million

CIDA's 2009 Children and Youth Strategy guides the Agency's efforts to meet the needs of the world's most vulnerable and help them to become resourceful, engaged, and productive adults. Since the launch of the strategy, Canada has made important progress in addressing the health of children and of mothers of infants, as well as pregnant women, and also in providing quality basic education, and building a safe and secure environment for children and youth in developing countries. Over the past year, Canada has taken these significant steps:

• In Haiti, CIDA is supporting the targeted training of health workers and the construction of 10 new maternity clinics and a pediatric ward to support child survival and maternal health.
  
  
• CIDA contributed to improved access to quality education for girls and boys in Senegal by supporting the training of more than 20,000 new teachers. Canada is the lead donor in the education sector in Senegal. In collaboration with UNICEF, CIDA also supported 230 child-friendly schools in Senegal, which provide healthy, protective, inclusive, gender-sensitive learning environments for children and youth.
  
  
• Working with UNICEF in Sudan, CIDA has committed $15 million to support child protection and basic services for conflict-affected girls, boys, and youth aged 10 to 18. CIDA supports the reintegration of children and youth into their communities and provides at-risk children and youth with knowledge, skills, and resources to prevent their future recruitment into armed forces and groups. Approximately 160,000 youth beneficiaries have been reached by this project thus far, the vast majority of whom are in northern Sudan.

In addition, Canada led the launch of the Muskoka Initiative to save and improve the lives of mothers, newborns, and young children. Canada is now leading efforts to deliver results, concentrating on strengthening health systems, improving nutrition, and preventing and treating severe illnesses and diseases. It has committed $1.1 billion over five years in new money to the initiative, and will maintain $1.75 billion in existing funding, for a total commitment of $2.85 billion over the next five years.

Together, the international commitments made at the 2010 Muskoka Summit are projected to:

• prevent 1.3 million deaths of children under five years of age;
• prevent 64,000 maternal deaths; and
• give a further 12 million couples access to modern methods of family planning between 2010 and 2015.

Canada is also leading international action on accountability for resources and results. Prime Minister Stephen Harper co-chaired, along with President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete of Tanzania, the UN Commission on Information and Accountability for Women's and Children's Health, launched in January 2011. The commission agreed on a framework that tracks whether maternal and child health results are being achieved and whether resources are being spent wisely and transparently.

Stimulating sustainable economic growth
$824 million

In October 2010 the Minister announced Stimulating Sustainable Economic Growth, a strategy to guide CIDAS efforts to establish long-term, sustainable economic growth that will increase revenue generation, create employment, and reduce poverty in developing countries. Over the past year, Canada has taken a number of significant steps to address sustainable economic growth:

• In October 2010, CIDA invested $2.1 million to improve the investment climate for sustainable economic growth in the Philippines through the simplification of business-registration processes and increased ability of national government agencies to regulate competitiveness.
• In November 2010 the Minister announced 36 projects conducted by the Association of Canadian Community Colleges that, with CIDA support, will provide vocational training for African youth and help to establish strong technical and vocational education and training systems in Mozambique, Senegal, and Tanzania.
• In January 2011, CIDA embarked on a five-year, multidonor effort to help public-finance institutions in Bangladesh improve their efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability.

The Stimulating Sustainable Economic Growth strategy will also build government capacity to promote responsible and sustainable investment-particularly in the extractive sector in recognition of the sector's importance, as well as its potential social and environmental risks.

In promoting sustainable economic growth, CIDA recognizes the central role of women, as income earners, to lift their families and communities out of poverty, and works to directly support their efforts to achieve full economic participation.

Summary of program activities

In 2010-2011, CIDA's programming was divided into five activities.^{Note 6} The five activities are:

• Fragile countries and crisis-affected communities
• Low-income countries
• Middle-income countries
• Global engagement and strategic policy
• Canadian engagement

Fragile countries and crisis-affected communities
$955.19 million

Table 3
Top recipients of CIDA funding: Fragile countries and crisis-affected communities
2010-2011

Top Recipients	Funding ($ millions)
Long-term development and reconstruction
Afghanistan	214.03
Haiti	209.61
West Bank and Gaza	65.66
Sudan	50.74
International humanitarian response
Pakistan	81.27
Sudan (immediate crisis response)	36.42
Haiti (immediate crisis response)	28.75
Kenya	22.25
Democratic Republic of the Congo	18.85
Ethiopia	13.5
Niger	11.83
Chad	8.67

Source: CIDA

Fragile states and crisis-affected communities face particularly severe development challenges exacerbated by conflict, instability, man-made crises, or natural disasters within complex national and regional contexts. They have weak institutional capacity, poor governance, political instability, and ongoing violence or a legacy of past conflict.

This program activity features programming that is both short-term-to ensure delivery of, and access to, essential humanitarian services to crisis-affected populations in order to reduce immediate vulnerabilities of the population-and medium- to long-term-to create conditions for sustainable economic growth and for building the foundation for effective governance and delivery of basic services. It requires working with partners that have expertise and capacity to deliver in high-risk environments. Canada's largest ongoing missions in fragile countries include Afghanistan and Haiti. Other examples include these:

• In 2010-2011, CIDA responded to complex emergencies affecting 31 countries-in addition to responding to regional humanitarian assistance appeals in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and the Middle East-through supporting humanitarian efforts of partners such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the WFP, UNICEF, the International Committee of the Red Cross, and Canadian non-governmental organizations.
  
  
• CIDA responded to 40 natural disasters in 2010-2011, including leading Canada's humanitarian response to the flooding in Pakistan, which at the height of the disaster, affected 18-20 million people and left 7 million homeless.
  
  
• In January 2011 a historic referendum on southern independence took place in Sudan. Through a $7-million contribution to the United Nations

Development Programme's Referendum Basket Fund, CIDA supported the organization, operation, and monitoring of the referendum. Through a $1.9-million contribution to the Carter Center, CIDA supported the deployment of more than 187 international observers, including 13 Canadians, to monitor and report on the referendum process. This complements Canada's other ongoing programming and humanitarian assistance to Darfur and South Sudan, totalling $40 million in 2010-2011, to provide food, water and sanitation, health care, emergency nutritional support, and shelter for populations affected by conflict and insecurity.

In keeping with CIDA's main program activity of assisting in fragile states and countries experiencing humanitarian crises (see "Summary of program activities" above), CIDA has committed to a central role in global efforts of humanitarian assistance, recovery, and reconstruction in Haiti and Afghanistan. It is also helping to ensure security and stability and advance democracy in these countries.

Haiti

CIDA continued to provide humanitarian assistance to Haiti in 2011 in the amount of $17 million to meet the immediate and ongoing needs of Haitians affected by the January 2010 earthquake. This effort supplemented the more than $150 million in humanitarian assistance that CIDA provided in 2010. By supporting partners such as the Canadian Red Cross and Save the Children, the Agency contributed to building 1,800 temporary shelters; distributing school kits to more than 28,000 children; and providing emergency medical, water, and sanitation services and food for people affected by the earthquake. CIDA also provided $8.5 million in response to the cholera outbreak, thereby contributing to the international effort that lowered the mortality rate caused by that disease from 9 percent to 1.6 percent.

CIDA formally launched the Haiti Call for Proposals in October 2010 for Canadian organizations interested in short-term recovery and reconstruction projects in Haiti. Projects funded will strengthen the housing, disaster preparedness, education, health, and agricultural sectors in Haiti. Funding for this initiative is part of the Government of Canada's $400-million commitment in support of the reconstruction of Haiti.

Afghanistan

CIDA provided $214 million in assistance to Afghanistan in 2010-2011, and continued with development initiatives in Kandahar province and nationally. CIDA's efforts focused on three priority areas (basic services, including education; humanitarian assistance, including health; and advancing Afghanistan's capacity for democratic governance) and three signature projects (the building, expanding, and repairing of 50 schools in targeted districts in Kandahar province; the rehabilitation of Dahla Dam and its irrigation system; and efforts to eradicate polio).

Low-income countries
$890.07 million

Table 4
Top recipients of CIDA funding: Low-income countries
2010-2011

Top Recipients	Funding ($millions)
Mozambique	103.17
Ethiopia	91.83
Tanzania	88.03
Mali	85.62
Ghana	80.24
Senegal	66.72
Bangladesh	56.92
Pakistan	36.92
Vietnam	27
Nigeria	16.15

Source: CIDA

Countries within the low-income category as defined by the World Bank face pervasive poverty and limited institutional capacity, but they have broadly stable governance and public security. These countries generally have a high level of aid dependency, limited resilience to respond to a number of vulnerabilities and external shocks, and limited ability to attend to the human-development needs of their populations.

Programming under this program activity features long­term engagement on country priorities, primarily to:

• strengthen education and health outcomes for children and youth;
• address the causes of food insecurity;
• foster inclusive and sustainable economic growth; and
• build the foundations for effective governance, including ensuring that country institutions can sustain the benefits of development programs.

CIDA works with other donors, civil society organizations, and ministries of recipient governments. Engagement is normally anchored in the partner government's development strategy and program, around which donors coordinate and harmonize their efforts. This may involve the pooling of funds or other forms of program-based approaches. Examples of results include these:

• With CIDA support to the Rice Initiative in Mali, the production of cereals, Mali's staple food, increased from 3.7 million tonnes in 2006-2007 to 6.3 million tonnes in 2009-2010.
  
  
• In Bangladesh, CIDA provided $25.4 million in 2010-2011 to support the Primary Education Development Program II, which throughout its lifetime increased access to quality primary education through the construction of 40,440 classrooms. Furthermore, 45,000 new teachers (60 percent of them female) were recruited and 105,000 teachers trained in a Certificate of Education Program. Compared against a 2005 baseline, Bangladesh's net enrolment rate increased from 87.2 percent to 95.6 percent by 2010, with gender parity.
  
  
• In Tanzania, CIDA extended the reach of essential health services by supporting various initiatives. As a result, the proportion of births taking place at health facilities rose from 47 percent in 2005 to 59 percent in 2010.

Middle-income countries $321.05 million

Table 5
Top recipients of CIDA funding: Middle-income countries
2010-2011

Top Recipients	Funding ($millions)
Caribbean regional program	41.6
Ukraine	25
Honduras	20.3
Colombia	18.2
Indonesia	17.5
Peru	17
Bolivia	13.6
Egypt	13.4
China	12
Sri Lanka	9.5

Source: CIDA

Countries within the World Bank's middle-income category face specific challenges in inclusive, sustainable economic growth and development. These countries exhibit a stronger economic and social foundation and a lower reliance on aid than do low-income countries, but they may still have a large proportion of their population facing inequality and poverty. These countries often have stark disparities along geographic, gender, ethnic, or urban-rural lines, as well as pockets of deep poverty. This is in large part due to low productivity and competitiveness, as well as weak political accountability that does not address discrimination and marginalization.

Main areas of programming under this program activity focus on delivering targeted technical assistance to foster equal access to economic opportunities and to public services to create the conditions for more competitive and inclusive local economies, to expand service delivery to reach marginalized groups, and to build accountable democratic institutions. It requires working in partnership with government, civil society, and the private sector to build capacity, including knowledge and systems.

Examples of results include these:

• In Colombia, CIDA supported the Right to Education and Participation of Children and Youth project in Nariñio ($3 million in 2010-2011), which trained 160 teachers in flexible education models. A total of 1,650 children and youth, and 350 adults have used the flexible education models, which enabled them to reintegrate into the formal education system.
  
  
• In Peru, CIDA increased the quality of basic education in the north. CIDA invested $1,162,096 in 2010-2011 to help regional governments implement new educational models. Some 1,000 teachers and 21,000 schoolchildren in La Libertad have directly benefited. Initial results show that reading comprehension increased by 400 percent and mathematics comprehension by 300 percent.
  
  
• CIDA programming in Ukraine helped over 3,300 smallholder farmers increase their competitiveness in the horticulture sector through technical assistance on the cultivation of high-value crops. This represents an increase from 1,290 smallholder farmers in 2009-2010, bringing the number of beneficiaries closer to CIDA's 2013 total target of 5,000. In 2010-2011, CIDA provided $4 million to support these initiatives.

Global engagement and strategic policy
$1,078.06 million

Table 6
Top 10 multilateral institutions receiving funding through multilateral and global programs branch
2010-2011

Top 10 Institutions	Funding ($millions)
World Food Programme	186.25
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria	150
African Development Bank Group	113.8
World Bank	103.46
Asian Development Bank	83.19
Office for the Coordination ofHumanitarian Affairs	75.95
United Nations Development Programme	72.13
United Nations Children's Fund	70.7
Global Environment Facility	60.41
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees	51.02

Source: CIDA

Achieving international development outcomes requires engagement on the global stage and investments through international partners, as appropriate. Multilateral/ international organizations and global initiatives tackle global problems (for example, infectious diseases and climate change); provide a governance mechanism in areas such as humanitarian assistance or to set the development agenda (such as the Millennium Development Goals); and provide economies of scale and of scope, as well as significant expertise and capacity on the ground.

Activities under this program activity aim at delivering concrete results on the ground by shaping and investing in multilateral and international institutions partners' policies and programs throughout the world and by exerting policy influence to shape international development policy in Canada and globally, in line with the government's priorities, through the fostering of effective partnerships and policy dialogue. Examples of results include these:

• Canada established its leadership on global health issues in 2010 by using its G-8 presidency to launch the Muskoka Initiative, including a commitment of $1.1 billion in new funding from Canada between 2010 and 2015 to save the lives of mothers and children.
  
  
• With CIDA's support, along with that of other shareholders and donors, the Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) has saved 6.5 million lives, provided HIV/AIDS treatment to 3.2 million people, detected and treated 8.2 million cases of tuberculosis, and distributed 190 million bed nets to prevent malaria. Canada's sustained commitment against HIVIAIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria was confirmed in September 2010 with a new pledge of $540 million over three years (2011-2013) to the GFATM. The new funding announcement in September 2010 brings Canada's total commitment to the GFATM to $1.518 billion, including $150 million in 2010-2011.
  
  
• Between 2008 and early 2011, with the support of CIDA and other donors, the African Development Bank has given 16 million people better access to transport on 16,058 km of national roads; strengthened food security for 11 million people through its support to agriculture; built 7,452 new classrooms, trained or recruited 110,186 teachers and school staff, and supplied nearly four million textbooks and teaching supplies; and provided 16 million people with better access to health care by building or equipping 1,932 health centres and training 17,200 health workers. During those three years, CIDA provided $302.4 million to the African Development Fund

Canadian engagement
$251.49 million

Table 7
Top 10 Canadian partners receiving funding through partnerships with Canadians branch
2010-2011

Top 10 partners	Funding ($millions)
Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada	13.75
Consortium WUSC-CECI	11.7
Oxfam-Quebec	11.44
Association of Canadian Community Colleges	11.14
Jeunesse Canada Monde/Canada World Youth	10.22
Canadian Catholic Organization for Development and Peace	8.85
CUSO-VSO	8.75
Developpement international Desjardins	5.94
Fondation Jules et Paul-Emile Leger	5.5
Right To Play International	4.08

Source: CIDA

CIDA supports the work of Canadian organizations to achieve development results by drawing on strengths, expertise, networks, and opportunities available to Canadian organizations, as well as by broadening Canadian engagement in international development through outreach and education activities.

Programming under this program activity involves co-investment in the most meritorious development proposals that align with Canada's development priorities. Through calls for proposals, CIDA provides complementary funding to selected proposals received from Canadian organizations such as civil society organizations, academic institutions, and professional associations. Canadian organizations in turn work with their partner-country counterparts to deliver development results on the ground. Examples of results from 2010-2011 funding include these:

• CIDA's International Youth Internship Program supported Canadian organizations to send 574 interns for six-month internships with developing-country partners. Canadian youths 19-30 years old gained international experience and knowledge, increased their skills for employment, and deepened their understanding of and engagement in international development.
  
  
• CIDA supported Canadian volunteers through volunteer cooperation agencies such as CUSO-VSO, Oxfam-Quebec, Uniterra, Canada World Youth, Youth Challenge International, Canadian Crossroads International, Canadian Executive Services Overseas, Engineers Without Borders, and SUCO, which sent 1,942 Canadian volunteers overseas.
  
  
• Through the Multilateral Elections Observation Program, Canada has contributed 516 Canadian observers to 32 international election observation missions in 23 countries, including Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania, Haiti, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, and Ukraine.

Summary of CIDA's operations

Overall, CIDA supported more than 1,750 aid projects^{Note 7} and initiatives in Africa, Asia, the Americas, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe.

Of CIDA's total ODA disbursements of $3,592 million, $2,629 million was in the form of bilateral aid in 2010-2011, as per the OECD Development Co-operation Directorate definition of bilateral aid^{Note 8} and excluding administration costs. Including administrative costs, CIDA's bilateral disbursement was $2,874 million. Approximately $1,512 million in ODA was channelled through bilateral country programs to 50 countries. Eighty-eight percent of this was concentrated in CIDA's 20 countries of focus.^{Note 9} This contribution is augmented by CIDA's multilateral, regional, and partnership programs.^{Note 10}

Summary of CIDA's Departmental Performance Report

Paragraph S(l)(e) of the Official Development Assistance Accountability Act specifies that a summary of the Departmental Performance Report (DPR) of the Canadian International Development Agency must be part of this report.

The summary of CIDA's 2009-2010 DPR is provided in the appendix to this report.

Table 8
CIDA breakdown of spending
2010-2011

Spending	Amount ($millions)
Bilateral aid (GPB, PWCB, MGPB country-region/specific initiatives)	2,629
Multilateral aid (core funding to multilateral institutions)	718
Administrative costs	244.7
Total	3,591.7

Source: CIDA

Department of Finance Canada
$846.56 million

Finance Canada's official development assistance for fiscal year 2010-11 totalled $846,560,000.

Outreach

Finance Canada held web consultations in December 2010, inviting input from the Canadian public, civil-society organizations, governments and international agencies on whether the Department's 2010-2011 international assistance payments met the conditions listed in the ODAAA.

While views covered a broad range of issues beyond the Department's ODA payments, there were several recurrent themes. For example, several submissions stressed the importance of grant financing to support developing country adaptation to climate change. In 2010-2011, the Department provided significant non-grant financing for climate change in order to catalyze further private sector financing for clean energy projects in developing countries in support of long-term sustainable development. The Department recognizes the need for both public- and private-sector financing to address climate-change challenges and, as such, acknowledges the need for both grant and non-grant financing. In this regards, the Department's contributions are intended to complement broader Government of Canada activities related to climate change.

There were also calls to encourage greater transparency at the International Finance Corporation (IFC). Finance Canada is pleased that the institution approved a new Access to Information Policy this year, following its active endorsement. The Department will monitor implementation of this policy, which is expected to significantly improve IFC's ability to communicate about its projects and investments, including project-level disclosure of environmental and social impacts, and development outcomes.

The consultations provided a unique and important opportunity to hear views from key stakeholders in informing the Department's international assistance disbursements in 2010-2011, as described below.

International Development Association:
$384,280,000

The International Development Association (IDA) is the World Bank Group's principal financing tool for the world's poorest countries, providing them with interest-free loans and grants. In December 2007, the Government of Canada announced that it would provide $1.3 billion to IDA over the next three years under the institution's 15th replenishment.

The replenishment allows IDA to enhance its focus on effective aid delivery and provide special assistance for fragile states such as Afghanistan and Haiti while ensuring that those countries do not take on unsustainable levels of debt.

More information is available on the IDN^{Note 11} website.

Debt Relief

Bilateral and multilateral debt-relief disbursements are considered to be ODA-eligible, as they contribute to poverty reduction by freeing up resources (which would otherwise be used to service sovereign debts) for use in more productive investments (e.g. health, education, infrastructure, etc.) that support long-term economic growth and development. Furthermore, debt-relief recipients self-direct additional resources based on their individual Poverty Reduction Strategies.

Bilateral Debt Relief: $24,959,000

Canada has been an international leader in the area of poverty reduction by forgiving more than $1 billion in debt owed to it by the world's poorest and most indebted countries.Specifically, Canada is a committed participant in the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) Initiative, which cancels up to 90 percent of the debts of eligible countries, with an aim to reduce these countries' debts to sustainable levels. Canada delivers this debt relief through its participation in the Paris Club. Moreover, Canada goes beyond the requirements of the HIPC Initiative through the Canadian Debt Initiative, under which Canada forgives all remaining debt owed by eligible HIPCs, resulting in complete bilateral debt cancellation.

Canada's provision of debt relief varies considerably from year to year, as international debt relief initiatives make debt cancellation conditional on debtor countries' meeting International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank mandated program targets. If a country's performance does not meet the required target, debt relief is delayed until adequate progress is made.

In 2010-2011, Canada provided ODA-eligible debt relief to Ivory Coast ($3,435,000) and the Republic of Congo ($21,524,000).

More information is available on websites of the Club de Paris^{Note 12} and the Enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative.^{Note 13}

Multilateral Debt Relief: $51,200,000

Canada has also been very active in the development and financing of multilateral debt relief through the Multilateral Debt Relieflnitiative (MDRI), which frees up resources for recipient countries for redirection to poverty-reduction initiatives. Canada has committed to providing the IMF, World Bank, and African Development Fund (ADF) with $2.5 billion in order to cover Canada's share of the costs over the life of MDRI, which extends until 2054.

In 2009, with the passage of Bill C-59 (the Economic Recovery Act), the Government of Canada modified and strengthened the payment mechanism for our annual MDRI payments.The modification places Canada's MDRI payments under statutory authority and provides further reassurance to the IMF, World Bank, and ADF that Canada is fully able to honour its $2.5 billion commitment. This new legislation enabled the Government of Canada to sign new MDRI instruments of commitment with the ADF and IDA in February, 2011.

More information is available on The Multilateral Debt Relieflnitiative (MDRI)^{Note 14} website.

Forgiveness of Haiti's Multilateral Debt:
$33,619,000

The Government of Canada responded quickly to the tragic earthquake that hit Haiti in January 2010; part of this effort included additional debt relief for Haiti during its time of need. While Canada had already cancelled all bilateral debts owed to it by Haiti prior to the earthquake, Canada led a G-20 consensus afterward to forgive more than US$825 million Haiti that owed to international institutions. Canada was the first country to make all of the payments required to cancel Haiti's debt, totalling $33.6 million.

More information on Haiti debt relief is available at:

• PM announces Canada cancels Haiti's debt
• A World-Leading Track Record of Debt Relief for Haiti

IMF Poverty Reduction And Growth Trust:
$40,000,000

To make its financial support more flexible and tailored to the diversity of poor countries, the IMF has established the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) as its concessionallending framework. The PRGT's assistance and conditionality are guided by a country's Poverty Reduction Strategy, which is, as noted above, country-specific and involves broad-based participation by civil society and the private sector.

In Budget 2010, Canada delivered $40 million in subsidy resources to the PRGT to support its activities in low-income countries, which is consistent with the commitments made at the G-20 London Summit.

More information on the PRGT and Canada's commitment is available at:

• Canada's Economic Action Plan-Year 2: Budget 2010: Leading the Way on Jobs and Growth (p. 144) (PDF, 2.5 MB, 424 pages)
• International Monetary Fund: Eurogroup Agreement With Greece Paves Way For New IMF Financing
• International Monetary Fund: Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers
• International Monetary Fund: IMF Support for Low-Income Countries

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise (SME) Finance Challenge: $20,000,000

Support of growth-oriented SMEs in developing countries is a significant contributor to poverty reduction through job creation. As host of the 2010 G-20 Leaders Summit in Toronto, Canada launched the SME Finance Challenge as an innovative, web-based competition in search of mechanisms for supporting small and medium-sized businesses. A panel of international experts examined hundreds of proposals submitted from around the world and identified the 14 best. Canada has provided $20 million to the SME Finance Innovation Fund, with the IFC acting as trustee, as part of a global effort to implement and scale up these 14 best proposals.

More information on the SME Finance Challenge is available, including information about the winning proposals.

International Climate Change Financing:
$291,550,000

As part of Canada's commitment to provide its fair share of fast-start financing under the Copenhagen Accord, Canada contributed $400 million in new and additional climate change financing for the 2010-2011 fiscal year.

As part of this package, the Department of Finance provided the IFC with $285.72 million, to be used as concessional financing for a broad portfolio of dean energy projects to support mitigation efforts in developing countries. Canada's investments will support greenhouse gas abatement opportunities and will be deployed to catalyze private sector financing for clean energy projects. Canada will work with the IFC to track the amount of private investment directly mobilized by Canada's public finance contribution to the IFC, as well as the emissions reductions achieved. This type of innovative approach will be key to achieving long-term financing and mitigation goals.

Canada's contributions are being managed by IFC's Financial Mechanisms for Sustainability Group, which deploys donor funds on concessional terms alongside IFC investments. To be eligible to receive concessional financing from Canada's contribution to IFC, a project must satisfy IFC's standard criteria and due diligence. Please see the Investment and Advisory Services page .

The Department of Finance also provided $5.83 million to support IFC's advisory services to help remove barriers to private clean energy investment and build technical expertise. For example, this grant financing will support the provision of advice to financial institutions to strengthen their capacity to identify, assess and structure loans to energy efficiency and renewable energy projects.

The combination of concessional private sector financing and technical assistance is expected to catalyze significant clean energy investments in developing countries in the short term, while supporting their institutional capacity for environmentally sustainable development over the long term.

Agriculture Pull Mechanism (AGPM) Initiative:
$950,000

Innovation will be critical to achieving agricultural productivity gains required to meet growing demands and mounting stresses. At the 2010 G-20 Toronto Summit, Leaders committed to exploring the potential of innovative financing mechanisms to focus private sector resources on agricultural innovation in developing countries. Pull mechanisms such as advance market commitments that pay out only upon demonstrated results can encourage innovations in areas such as post-harvest storage, pest and drought-resistant seed varieties, livestock disease, or nutritionally fortified products. The Department of Finance is providing $950,000 in concessional support to the World Bank to help develop this concept.

Canada and the Bretton Woods Institutions

The information below is in response to specific requirements of the Act regarding Canada's interactions with the Bretton Woods Institutions.

Summary

This past year saw many important reforms at both the IMF and the World Bank Group. In 2009, the Bretton Woods Institutions were on the front lines in responding to the global financial and economic crisis. In 2010, following the crisis, world leaders moved to strengthen the institutions by implementing important changes to quota and voice that saw more equitable distributions of decision-making power. New and enhanced facilities also strengthened the effectiveness of the institutions and will allow them to contribute even more towards economic stability and poverty reduction as the global economic recovery continues.

Key developments at the World Bank Group

The World Bank Group took several important actions over the past year to enhance its long-term legitimacy, credibility and effectiveness, including:

• A significant capital increase of US$86 billion was agreed by shareholders (including a general capital increase of US$58 billion and a special capital increase of US$28 billion) that will allow the Bank to increase its annual lending from pre-crisis levels by over 80 percent.
  
  
• Donors agreed to contribute US$49 billion to the International Development Association, an 18-percent increase from the last replenishment three years earlier. This will help 79 of the world's poorest countries boost growth and overcome poverty by financing infrastructure, improving health services, educating children, and combating climate change.
  
  
• A second phase of voice reforms increased developing and middle-income countries' shareholdings in the Bank by over 3 percent to 47.2 percent. An additional Board chair was also added, which will increase the representation of African countries.
  
  
• The Bank agreed to implement a series of significant internal reforms to improve effectiveness, transparency and accountability.

Canada advocated for and was an integral part of all of these accomplishments over the past year.

Key developments at the International Monetary Fund

During 2010, a number of significant reforms to IMF governance, lending facilities and surveillance were implemented. These reforms, which include a realignment of IMF quotas, changes to the composition of the IMF Executive Board, and a strengthening of the IMP's lending toolkit, will help the IMF fulfill its mandate of safeguarding the stability of the international monetary system while promoting sustainable economic growth and raising global living standards. Furthermore, these reforms will increase the voice and representation of emerging market and developing countries, and make the Fund more representative of the global economy. At the same time, building on its multifaceted response to the global financial crisis in 2009, the IMF was again actively engaged in addressing the needs of its members through timely policy advice, financial support and technical assistance.

Canadian representatives constructively engaged in efforts to reform the Fund's quotas and governance to strengthen its legitimacy, effectiveness and credibility. The IMF's members agreed to a landmark package of quota and governance reforms that will significantly increase the voice and representation of emerging market and developing countries at the Fund. Canada also supported and engaged constructively in efforts to enhance the Fund's lending toolkit. Canada also contributed to improving IMF surveillance by fostering member agreement on making the Fund's Financial Sector Assessment Program mandatory for members with systemically important financial sectors.

Notable Canadian initiatives at the IMP and the World Bank Group

Canada was a significant contributor to a number of notable initiatives which made the IMF and the World Bank Group stronger and more effective, including:

• $840 million in resources to the IMF's Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust to encourage increased concessional lending that is flexible and tailored to the diverse needs of low-income countries;
  
  
• a Canadian-led effort to forgive more than US$825 million Haiti owed to international institutions, including the IMF and the World Bank Group; Canada was the first country to make its share of the required payments;
  
  
• $291 million in support for climate-change projects through the World Bank's International Finance Corporation;
  
  
• launching and pledging the first $20 million in grant funds for the Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises Finance Challenge at the Toronto G-20 Summit;
  
  
• $600 million of increased funding over three years (2009-2011) aimed at agricultural development, which includes Canada's $230-million contribution to the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program in 2010;
  
  
• a $200-million contribution—the first by any donor country—to the International Finance Corporation's Global Trade Liquidity Program, which is expected to leverage up to US$2 billion in trade over the next three years;
  
  
• successful efforts by the IMF to reform its quota and governance system, improve its lending facilities and reinforce its surveillance activities; and
  
  
• successful efforts to implement the most comprehensive institutional reforms ever undertaken by the World Bank.

Summary of representations made by Canada at the Bretton Woods Institutions

For Canadian statements at the International Monetary and Financial Committee of the Board of Governors for the IMF, please refer to Annex 3 in Canada at the IMF and World Bank 2010 report.^{Note 15}

For Canadian statements at the Development Committee of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank and the IMF, please refer to Annex 4 in Canada at the IMF and World Bank 2010 report.^{Note 16}

For Canada's voting record in 2010 at the IMF and World Bank, please refer to Canada at the IMF and World Bank 2010 T report.^{Note 17Note 18}

For a fuller description of Canada's commitments and goals at the IMF and World Bank, please refer to Canada at the IMF and World Bank 2010 report.^{Note 19}

Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada
$308.35 million

In fiscal year 2010-2011, the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) disbursed $308,351,153 in official development assistance (ODA) and an additional $178,825,075 in non-ODA international assistance, for a total of$487,176,228.

DFAIT's broad range of ODA programming focused on four of the five thematic priorities of Canada's International Assistance Envelope (IAE): security and stability, democracy, children and youth, and sustainable economic growth. DFAIT also provided cross-cutting ODA, through assessed contributions to multilateral organizations and through services rendered to CIDA personnel at Canada's diplomatic and consular missions abroad.

Thematic Priorities

Security and stability: $129,860,080

The Global Peace and Security Fund (GPSF) funds the operations of the Stabilization and Reconstruction Task Force (START) and is used to conduct international assistance programming in fragile and conflict-affected states such as Afghanistan, Haiti and Sudan. START and the GPSF were created to fill a policy, institutional, funding and programming gap between CIDA humanitarian and long-term development assistance and DND's military and training assistance. START has effectively played a role and established itself as a platform to facilitate whole-of-government engagement and policy development in security and stability programming. An increasing number of other government departments such as Public Safety, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Correctional Service of Canada, Canada Border Services Agency and Justice Canada have actively participated in stabilization and reconstruction initiatives as well as crisis response activities in partnership with DFAIT/START.

GPSF programming provides timely, focused, effective and accountable international assistance in response to critical peace and security challenges which implicate Canadian interests and reflect Canadian foreign-policy priorities. START works closely with federal departments to provide beneficiary states and civilian components of multilateral peace operations with critical expertise in the areas of security and justice-system reform.

Over the past year, GPSF programming has supported many initiatives that have garnered international recognition for their contributions toward advancing freedom, democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights. Despite programming in some of the most difficult environments in the world, START disbursed 98.8 percent of planned programming funds in 2010-2011 and served as a platform to channel additional Government of Canada funding to support foreign-policy priorities:

• Timely and effective response to international instability and crises including the recent events in the Middle East and North Africa and natural disasters in Japan, New Zealand and Pakistan, which included $6 million for the procurement and transportation of 28 emergency bridges in order to restore lines of communication and ensure rule of law in flooded regions in Pakistan.
  
  
• Working in close collaboration with NATO's International Stabilization Assistance Force (ISAF), and the Governments of the United States and Afghanistan, Canada exceeded all of the 2011 equipment, infrastructure, institutional capacity-building and training/mentoring benchmarks established for its engagement in Afghanistan.
  
  
• Funding Canada's facilitation of the Dubai Process- an Afghan-Pakistan cross-border dialogue and management initiative has resulted in an agreement between the Governments of Afghanistan and Pakistan to coordinate infrastructure plans at key crossings to improve the flow of traffic, and to conduct reciprocal visits and joint training in order to share best practices and build relationships.
  
  
• Continued participation in the multilateral Middle East Peace Process, including a significant contribution to the work of the United States Security Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process.
  
  
• In Sudan, enhanced the operational capacity of the United Nations Missions in Darfur (UNAMID) and the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS). Through provision of communications equipment and training of officers, GPSF contributed to the South Sudanese police services' ability to uphold the peace and ensure that citizens could vote in the independence referendum in all 79 counties of South Sudan.
  
  
• In alignment with the Government's Americas Strategy, disbursed $31 million for 47 projects in Haiti, Colombia and Guatemala that promoted freedom, security, rule of law, democracy, and human rights.
  
  
• In Haiti, following the January 2010 earthquake, GPSF programming was rapidly and effectively re-aligned to provide much needed support for the reconstruction and refurbishment of critical police and judicial infrastructure including equipment and vehicles.
  
  
• Reflecting Canadian foreign policy interests, support was provided to peacebuilding and stabilization operations in four fragile areas: Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala and the Middle East. This includes support for Canada's chairship of the United Nations Peacebuilding Commission in Sierra Leone.
  
  
• Additional funding was provided for mine clearance in Afghanistan, Colombia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Jordan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Chad and Mozambique.

Democracy: $4,873,000

DFAIT manages the $3 million Glyn Berry Program Democracy Envelope, which supports a wide range of democracy projects. Under the Democracy Envelope, DFAIT is supporting democracy in priority regions such as the Americas and the Middle East as well as in authoritarian regimes such as Belarus, Burma or Zimbabwe or states in democratic transition. Building on local capacities, it currently manages democracy-support projects on topics such as training on social media for political bloggers and independent journalists, increasing youth participation in elections, addressing new threats on freedom-of-expression violations, strengthening legislative assemblies, and supporting independent media in repressive regimes.

DFAIT also provides core funding to the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development (Rights & Democracy), consistent with the Government of Canada's statutory obligation to Parliament. Rights & Democracy's innovative and results-based programming, policy research and partnerships contribute to Canada's profile and leadership in providing democracy support globally. Active in 15 countries, including Egypt, Afghanistan, Haiti, Burma and Zimbabwe, Rights & Democracy is focused on democratic development, economic and social rights, indigenous peoples' rights and women's rights. Canada benefits from the organization's expertise and its worldwide networks. As an arm's-length partner of the Government of Canada, it has the flexibility required to respond to urgent human-rights violations and democratic crises.

Children and youth (scholarships): $8,328,000

The international scholarships program facilitated by DFAIT funds higher education and advanced technical and managerial training for ODA-eligible counties. In 2010 2011, DFAIT funded more than 850 scholarships to ODA-eligible countries. The scholarship program supports human capital development and creates institutional linkages with Canadian and regional post-secondary institutions, to foster research collaborations and institutional agreements. Also, the scholarship program contributes to poverty reduction by contributing to the development of a skilled workforce, leading to economic growth and development. Brain-drain, a key challenge for developing countries, is minimized by DFAIT's scholarship structure, which provides opportunities for students to spend one semester in Canada, while remaining registered in their home institutions.

In the Caribbean and the Americas, the scholarships align with the priorities of Canada's Americas Strategy, including the promotion of prosperity and the rule of law, as well as democracy and good governance. In some countries that receive funding through DFAIT's international scholarships program, priority is given to advanced scientific studies, such as medical research, infectious-disease control and other topics of research related to sustainable resources, including agricultural water resources and food-crop production sources.

Sustainable economic growth: $6,570,373

Investment Cooperation Program: $5,963,373

The Investment Cooperation Program (INC) supports responsible, developmentally beneficial, private-sector investments in developing countries, leading to sustained economic growth and poverty reduction. This is the only federal government program that provides direct assistance to Canadian private-sector businesses exploring investment opportunities in developing countries. INC support encourages companies to invest responsibly by providing assistance for pre- and post-investment activities that they might not otherwise undertake. The INC program recognizes the role of the private sector as the main driver of economic growth and development resulting in increased livelihood and poverty reduction.

A revitalized INC was transferred from CIDA to DFAIT, effective January 4, 2010. Expected results of some recently completed projects initiated at CIDA and transferred to DFAIT include:$300,000 in funding toward a $2.1-million agriculture and agri-food sector investment in Cameroon that is expected to create 50 local jobs and assist Cameroon in the development of better technology and production processes in that sector; and $234,779 towards the investment of $865,000 for an assembly factory for aluminum construction products in Honduras that is expected to create 45 local jobs and assist Honduras in aluminum railing manufacturing processes and quality control.

Environment and climate change: $607,000

Through the International Environmental Contributions Program, DFAIT contributes to climate-change and environment-related initiatives, including funding for a variety of multilateral organizations and specific regional projects.

The contribution to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG) supports effective international action to strengthen the capacity of the poorest and most vulnerable to adapt to the impacts of a changing climate. DFAIT also supported other multilateral organizations such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

DFAIT contributed to training and capacity building projects benefitting developing and emerging nations. The International Energy Agency (IEA) Training and Capacity Building Program held a week-long event focusing on the diversification of energy sources, renewable energy and dean-energy technologies. DFAIT supported the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers to enable them to provide their expertise to train and build the capacity of professional engineers in Costa Rica to assess and adapt to vulnerable civil infrastructure and the effects of climate change. DFAIT also assisted in the development of a Negotiators' Handbook and the holding of a workshop for developing Francophonie member nations prior to the UNFCCC Conference of Parties (COP16) in Cancun, Mexico.

DFAIT supported a multinational project in the Pacific region to replace diesel-powered streetlights with photo-voltaic lighting (solar panels) in the Marshall Islands. In total, this project, also supported by Austria and Italy, will result in an estimated annual reduction of 350 tonnes of carbon dioxide.

Cross-Cutting Support

Assessed contributions to international organizations: $84,435,000

Assessed contributions are transfer payments by the federal government, occasioned by Canada's membership in a bilateral or multilateral international organization. An 0ECD-DAC-determined portion of these contributions is considered ODA. The twenty-two bilateral and multilateral organizations to which Canada provided ODA-eligible assessed contributions in 2010-2011 include, but are not limited to the:

• World Health Organization;
• International Organization of la Francophonie;
• Commonwealth Foundation;
• United Nations Organization;
• Organization of American States; and
• Food and Agriculture Organization.

To maintain its status as a member in good standing, Canada is required to provide its share of the total operations costs for each organization of which it is a member. This not only fulfils Canada's obligations as a member of these organizations, but also allows Canada to advance our foreign and development policy priorities in key multilateral forums.

Services rendered abroad: $74,284,700

In accordance with the Treasury Board Common Service Policy, the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Act and the Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding on Operations and Support at Missions, DFAIT manages the procurement of goods, services, and real property in support of diplomatic and consular missions, including the provision of common services to partner departments. CIDA transfers funds to DFAIT for those common services provided to CIDA personnel, both Canada-based and locally engaged, at Canada's diplomatic and consular missions abroad. These funds help to facilitate the presence of development officers in the field, supporting international-assistance project implementation.

Conclusion

DFAIT's ODA programming reached $308.4 million in 2010-2011, supporting four of the five thematic priorities of Canada's international assistance. Activities ranged from international crisis response and peacekeeping efforts to climate change mitigation, scholarships, and private-sector investment. An additional $178.8 million in non-ODA international assistance complemented DFAIT's ODA program, supporting security and stability activities, environment and responses to climate change, and children and youth, as well as services rendered abroad. This diverse range of programming reflects the broad scope of DFAIT's work.

International Development Research Centre
$172.80 million

The International Development Research Centre (IDRC) is a Canadian Crown corporation, created in 1970, that supports researchers and innovators in the developing world as they work to improve lives, promote growth and lift communities out of poverty. In fiscal year 2010-2011, IDRC spent $219,098,787 in support of this effort. Parliamentary appropriations accounted for $172,799,706 (78.9% of the total, equivalent to IDRC's contribution to Canada's official development assistance in fiscal year 2010-2011). The remainder was mainly generated by contributions with other funders and is therefore not part of IDRC's contribution to Canada's official development assistance.

IDRC provides researchers in developing countries with the funds, support and connections they need to find solutions to the pressing problems affecting their societies. IDRC also enables many of the brightest minds in Canada and the developing world to collaborate on cutting-edge projects. These lead to improvements such as strengthened health systems, more responsible governance, increased agricultural production, higher incomes, more equitable growth and cleaner environments. At the end of 2010-2011, IDRC was supporting 924 applied research activities and supporting 766 institutions, of which 103 were Canadian. The following examples attest to the Centre's commitment to making knowledge a tool for creating prosperity and opportunities throughout the developing world.

Development Innovation Fund

IDRC is the lead agency for the Development Innovation Fund, an initiative bringing together Canadian and developing-country scientists, and the private sector, to tackle persistent health challenges facing poor countries. The non-profit Grand Challenges Canada was launched to implement the project, and four of its five "challenge" programs are underway: technologies for point-of-care diagnostics, promising ideas on global health, improving maternal and child health, and addressing non-communicable diseases. The first grant was made to a McGill - Botswana - Cape Town team to combat drug resistance in treating parasitic disease.

African Institute for Mathematical Sciences

The Next Einstein Initiative aims to create a pan-African network of 15 centres of excellence in mathematics, technology and science over the next decade. IDRC is responsible for Canada's $20-million contribution, which supports the establishment of five such centres across Africa by 2015. Together, they will provide the most advanced teaching available globally and graduate at least 500 students each year. The initiative builds upon the success of the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences in Cape Town, championed by Neil Turok, Director of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario.

African Adaptation Research Centres

Building on the innovative work carried out under the Climate Change Adaptation in Africa program, this $10 million project increases the ability of African research centres to deliver timely scientific advice and assessments on climate-change adaptation. The goal: better-informed policies and well targeted investments. This funding is part of Canada's commitment to provide fast-track climate-change financing under the Copenhagen Accord.

Canadian International Food Security Research Fund

In Ethiopia, farmers depend on pulse crops, such as lentils and chickpeas, as sources of protein and income. Unfortunately, varieties grown are typically low-yielding, low in protein and poor at fixing nitrogen. The Canadian International Food Security Research Fund, a five-year, $62-million collaboration with CIDA, is working to improve these and other neglected crops. The Fund brings together Canadian and developing-country researchers to increase food security and enhance nutrition by promoting more productive and sustainable agriculture.

Harnessing Technology for the Poorest

At the "base of the pyramid" are more than 4 billion people who live on less than $4 a day and have little or no access to technologies that could improve their lives; 75 percent of these poor people are in Asia. IDRC supported the Ateneo School of Government, Philippines, to foster innovations that can meet the needs of the poor, such as low-cost wind turbines and new communication tools. This work encourages governments to develop pro-innovation policies and promote investment in these technologies.

Securing Women's Access to Land

Women produce most of the food in Africa, yet own very little of the land. Many consider that ensuring women's rights and access to land is crucial to enhancing food security and reducing poverty. Over the past decade, IDRC-supported researchers in 14 African countries examined women's relationship to land from many angles: economic, legal, social and political. In September 2010, they shared their findings with each other and a wider community in Africa. They found, for example, that owning land boosts women's incomes and independence and, in turn, contributes to ensuring that families are better fed and food-secure. The knowledge gained can lead to fairer laws in many parts of the world where women's rights are limited.

Safeguarding Human and Animal Health

Sri Lankan and Canadian researchers have joined forces to develop a veterinary public health system in Sri Lanka. The goal is to prevent emerging infectious diseases. With support from the Global Health Research Initiative- a partnership of five Canadian federal departments and agencies, including IDRC -the team is working to better understand how diseases are transmitted between animals and humans. And it is bringing that knowledge to farmers and governments throughout Asia, building capacity to prevent, detect and manage emerging diseases.

Ecohealth: Advancing a New Field of Knowledge

This year, IDRC launched a four-year initiative to help leading researchers in Latin America and the Caribbean win the fight against vector-borne diseases such as Chagas, malaria and dengue. The project will strengthen the field of ecohealth research and practice to better address how interactions between people and ecosystems affect these diseases. Led by Mexico's National Institute of Public Health with partners in Colombia and Venezuela, institutions throughout the region will train hundreds of students and public-health professionals. They will also work to influence policies to reduce the threat of diseases.

Promoting Regional Integration

Mercosur, the "southern common market", comprises Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. In 1998, IDRC helped create the Mercosur Economic Research Network (MercoNet) to carry out studies on key challenges for the region in the emerging global economy: regional integration, macroeconomic coordination, foreign direct investment and climate change, among other issues. MercoNet has become a regional centre of excellence on inclusive growth agendas.

Technical boost for urban farming

In Soukra, a suburb of Tunisia's capital, Tunis, hundreds of poor families feed themselves and earn a small living from agriculture. In recent years, however, climate change and rapid urbanization have reduced the amount of arable land, threatening livelihoods. IDRC-funded research found some answers. Technicians built greenhouses, which conserve water, protect crops and allow for more intensive farming. They installed rooftop basins to catch rainwater and deliver it to crops. And they filtered household greywater for use in irrigation. Today, Soukra farmers enjoy higher incomes and improved food security. The technical innovations are becoming widely known in the region.

Climate-change adaptation in the fishing industry

Coastal West Africa is one of the world's most productive fishing zones, but stocks are threatened by destructive fishing practices, ecosystem decline, excessive competition, and climate change. Global warming aggravates the risk of sea-level rise, more frequent and intense storms, and changing fish stocks. Through policy dialogue, fishers, boat owners and packers are working together to reduce waste and improve fishery policies.

Citizenship and Immigration Canada
$135.71 million

The official development assistance of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) totaled $135,706,495 for fiscal year 2010-2011, corresponding to the total assistance provided to refugees in Canada during their first year.^{Note 20}

Each year, millions of people around the world are forced to flee their homelands to escape persecution, war or severe human-rights violations. The vast majority of refugees seek asylum in developing countries, which are often struggling to deliver basic needs to their own populations. Canada contributes to international refugee protection by providing asylum and durable solutions to refugees, as well as by assisting poorer countries in hosting refugees.

Canada is recognized around the world for its leadership in refugee protection, through both the asylum system and resettlement program. The asylum system exercises Canada's international responsibility to provide protection to successful asylum claimants who have landed in Canada. The resettlement program annually brings refugees to Canada from over 70 different nationalities from Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. Furthermore, Canada assists refugees overseas through contributions to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and other international and non-governmental organizations.

Refugees selected under the government-assisted refugee program receive support through the Resettlement Assistance Program, which provides income support payments for up to 12 months, as well as immediate settlement support such as reception at the airport, temporary accommodation, and basic community orientations. All refugees (including successful asylum claimants and refugees resettled under the government-assisted refugee program and the private sponsorship of refugees program) are eligible for government-funded settlement services including language-skills training, employment counselling, community orientations and translation services. Refugees are equally eligible to receive basic health services through the Interim Federal Health Program.

The reporting of assistance to refugees in Canada as official development assistance is consistent with guidelines provided by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Providing asylum and resettlement to refugees contributes to poverty reduction in developing countries, by alleviating costs and other burdens associated with providing asylum in these countries. The settlement and health services provided to refugees in Canada are considered official development assistance, as these services are considered an essential component of refugee protection. Having been forced to flee their country of origin because of conflict or persecution, refugees often arrive to Canada with nothing. By providing refugees with settlement services and, in some cases, income support, CIC ensures that refugees have the support they need to overcome challenges, realize their full potential and become full contributors to Canadian social and economic life.

CIC works closely with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to ensure that the resettlement program offers protection to those most in need and is used strategically to address protracted refugee situations and alleviate burdens on host countries. The Department also frequently discusses the assistance provided to refugees during their first year in Canada with stakeholders including the Canadian Council for Refugees, the community of private sponsors known as Sponsorship Agreement Holders, the Resettlement Assistance Program Working Group, and relevant service-providing organizations.

Since the Second World War, more than 800,000 refugees and persons in similar circumstances have come to Canada to begin a new life under either the government-assisted or private sponsorship of refugees programs. In 2010-2011, Canada resettled more than 12,000 refugees from abroad and granted protection to over 12,400 refugees through the asylum system. As part of changes introduced with the Balanced Refugee Reform Act, the Government of Canada committed to increasing the number of refugees resettled each year by 20 percent, with up to 14,500 refugees resettled annually by 2013.

For more information on Canada's refugee programs, please visit Citizenship and Immigration Canada Web site.

Department of National Defence
$16,53 million

The official development assistance of the Department of National Defence (DND) for 2010-2011 totaled $16,532,945 and consisted of the following activities:

Provincial Reconstruction Team - Afghanistan:
$6,599,525

The Kandahar Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) reinforces the authority of the Afghan government in Kandahar Province, monitors security, promotes Afghan government policies and priorities with local authorities, and facilitates security-sector reforms.

Canada assumed responsibility for the Kandahar PRT in August 2005. Its role in Afghanistan is to help the democratically elected government extend its authority and ability to govern, rebuild the nation and provide services to its citizens.

Based in Kandahar City in the southern province of Kandahar, the Kandahar PRT is located in the former heartland of the Taliban regime, which previously controlled much of Afghanistan. Kandahar is one of the Afghan provinces in greatest need of support and is also among those most targeted by insurgents.

The size of the KPRT has grown dramatically. From a 330-person PRT combining the expertise of diplomats, corrections experts, development specialists, the Canadian police (including the RCMP), and approximately 280 Canadian Forces members, the increased number of US forces and civilian personnel has resulted in a KPRT of approximately 1,500 personnel. The consolidation of Canada's military area of operations in Kandahar also resulted in the Canadian military no longer having responsibility for the entirety of Kandahar province. Accordingly, in April 2010, the KPRT transitioned from a military-led, Task Force Kandahar resource to a civilian-led, Regional Command (South) resource, led by the Representative of Canada in Kandahar, but still enabled by the military. In August 2010, reflecting the growing American presence, the KPRT transitioned to a US-led PRT, with Canada maintaining the deputy director position. Canadian operations at the KPRT ended on 22 June 2011.

The KPRT continues to work on projects that have impact in the long, medium and short terms. The most important achievements will be those that foster long-term, sustainable benefits for the Afghan people. At the same time, quick-impact projects are also being carried out across the province to respond to the immediate needs that Afghans face in their daily lives.

Operation HESTIA in Haiti: $9,933,420

Operation HESTIA was the Canadian Forces contribution to the Government of Canada's humanitarian effort launched in response to the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake. Op HESTIA was the Canadian Forces' largest international disaster response operation to date. Over the course of the 60-day operation, more than 2,000 Canadian Forces personnel were deployed in support of the humanitarian efforts. It was a joint operation made up of land, sea and air elements, all of which provided life-saving assistance to the people of Haiti.

The Canadian Forces were deployed to provide humanitarian assistance to the population of Haiti centred in Leogane and Jacmel and to support the Canadian embassy in Port-au-Prince. Under Op HESTIA, Joint Task Force Haiti (JTFH), which included the Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) and other Canadian Forces capabilities, delivered services in support of the humanitarian assistance response in these regions. In particular, JTFH provided emergency medical services; engineering expertise; mobility by sea, land, and air; and defence and security support. These tasks included providing security to our operations to these locations, facilitating the delivery of humanitarian assistance, producing and delivering water and conducting minor road repair.

/p>Over the course of the deployment, the Canadian Forces produced more than 2.6 million litres of water, distributed more than 1.4 million rations and treated more than 20,000 patients. They cleared more than 212 km of road and assisted in evacuating more than 4,600 Canadians.

Royal Canadian Mounted Police
$36,86 million

The official development assistance accountability of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) for 2010-2011 totaled $36,862,505.

The RCMP, on behalf of the Government of Canada, deploys police officers to peace missions around the world. In 2010-2011, the RCMP's International Peace Operations Branch (IPOB) deployed Canadian police to 17 separate missions in nine countries. The police assist in rebuilding and strengthening police services in countries that have had, or are currently experiencing, conflict or upheaval. By building the capacity of foreign police to maintain law and order, Canadian police, in cooperation with international partners, help create a safer and more stable environment. This in turn paves the way for long-term development and can also prevent illicit activities from spilling across borders into other countries, including Canada.

Foreign requests for Canadian police assistance come from organizations such as the United Nations, the European Union or from specific countries. The decision to deploy Canadian police is made within the framework of the Canadian Police Arrangement (CPA) a partnership between DFAIT, CIDA, Public Safety Canada and the RCMP.

In addition to managing the deployment of Canadian police officers to various missions around the world, IPOB is responsible for overseeing the selection of candidates and providing pre-deployment training and ongoing medical, psychological and logistical support. More information on the CPA and IPOB is available on the RCMP website.

Following are some examples of Canadian police participation in missions.

Afghanistan

Canadian police officers are supporting various missions in Afghanistan, although their base of operations has moved from Kandahar to Kabul. One of these missions is the Combined Security Transition Command-Afghanistan (CSTC-A), a US military-led mission. The main focus of CSTC-A is to develop the Ministry of the Interior and staff, train, and equip the Afghan National Police (ANP). An additional critical element is to "operationalize" the ANP from top to bottom, improving accountability and providing greater visibility in areas where the coalition can assist Afghans to become more self-sufficient.

More information is available on the CSTC-A website.

Côte d'Ivoire

Police officers within the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) are responsible for ensuring compliance with the UN mandate as well as international criminal-justice and human-rights standards. They ensure that law and order is effectively maintained. The mission mandate calls for non-executive policing duties, which include a monitoring role. Despite the troubles in Côte d'Ivoire earlier this year, Canadian police officers remain in the country, responsible for assessing and identifying the current training standards and needs of Ivorian police officers.

More information is available on the UNOCI website.

Sudan

Canadian police were working in the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) to support the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed by Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement I Army in January 2005. Although UNMIS came to an end on July 9, 2011, when South Sudan formally gained independence, Canadian police will continue to be deployed in the South as part of a new mission, UNMISS (United Nations Mission in South Sudan).

More information is available on the UNMISS website.

Haiti

Police officers within the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) are responsible for ensuring compliance with the UN mandate, as well as international criminal-justice and human-rights standards. They carry out policing duties, which include monitoring, advising and training local police forces. They are also responsible for assessing and identifying current training standards and needs for local police forces. Following the January 2010 earthquake and the ensuing cholera epidemic, Canada deployed an additional 50 civilian police officers as part of a Haiti Reconstruction team to assist with post-earthquake efforts.

More information is available on the MINUSTAH website.

Democratic Republic of Congo

Police officers within the United Nations Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) work to build the capacity of the Congolese National Police (CNP) in a myriad of areas through monitoring, mentoring and training. They assist with CNP reform and restructuring, recruiting, selection and training, improving the CNP's operational capacity, advising on border security, elections, gender issues and coordinating international aid for the CNP.

More information is available on the MONUSCO website.

Health Canada
$12.98 million

The causes of ill health do not respect borders. Non-communicable diseases continue to account for the majority of deaths and illnesses in the Americas, regardless of country of residence. In some populations, infectious diseases such as HIVIAIDS, tuberculosis, vector-borne malaria and dengue continue to spread with devastating results. Marginalized and poor populations -especially indigenous people, women, children and the elderly -continue to suffer the most from inequitable access to health services. Given the massive and frequent movement of people and goods between countries, it is crucial that Canada work in partnership to address threats to global health.

Canada has committed to undertaking activities that will address the health concerns of citizens from across the Americas, viewing health as a fundamental investment that has both economic and political benefits. Healthy people are productive people who make important contributions to the economic well-being of their countries. Collaboration between countries in the Americas region benefits us all through the creation of opportunities to share expertise, knowledge and information, with the ultimate goal of addressing the health concerns affecting the region.

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) serves as the Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization, as well as the technical health agency of the Organization of American States. PAHO's mission is to lead strategic collaborative efforts among member states and other partners to promote equity in health, combat disease and improve the quality of life and lengthen the lifespan of peoples of the Americas. Canada's assessed contribution to PAHO, estimated at $12,980,936, supports this mission.

Canada has been an active member of PAHO since 1971, playing a leadership role in advancing governance and program-policy issues. Through PAHO, Canada advances multilateral and bilateral relations in health, and provides technical cooperation and capacity-building.

Canadian technical experts are regularly called upon to participate in regional meetings and initiatives. Small-scale health projects are also supported through the PAHO-Canada Biennial Workplan Budget, managed by Health Canada and PAHO. This allows for partnerships between Canada and Latin America and the Caribbean to advance strategic health priorities.

For example, support from PAHO and Health Canada has deepened and secured important ground in capacity-building activities. The cooperation strengthens health systems and includes health human resources, access to primary healthcare, e-health technologies, and strengthening national regulatory authorities in pharmaceuticals, medical devices, biologics and food safety by sharing best practices, enhancing policy coherence and building capacity. Capacity-building in regional mental-health initiatives, together with substance-use reduction, is another priority that has included strengthening the primary healthcare services, health human-resource curriculum development and training, and design of culturally specific interventions to tackle indigenous well-being.

More information on Canada's cooperation with PAHO is available on the PAHO-Canada Portal website.

Environment Canada
$9.71 million

Environment Canada recognizes that international cooperation on environmental issues is of growing importance, and that environmental sustainability is an essential element for global economic and social well-being. Unfortunately, over-exploitation of natural resources and degradation of the environment have caused alarming changes around the world. For developing countries that must depend on ecosystem goods and services for their livelihoods, these environmental changes directly harm their most vulnerable populations. However, efforts to preserve and improve the environment in developing countries lead to enhanced fulfilment of basic needs, improved living standards, and a safer, more prosperous future.

In FY 2010-2011, Environment Canada undertook a new and challenging role related to Canada's international financing commitment under the Copenhagen Accord, to provide our fair share of fast-start financing to developing countries over the course of a three-year period (2010-2012). Environment Canada led an interdepartmental process to develop Canada's Policy Framework for Public Climate Finance as well as a package of recommended funding options for Canada's 2010, $400 million, fast­start package.

In FY 2010-2011, Environment Canada provided a total of $9.71 million in official development assistance through two types of activities: support for multilateral environmental organizations, and bilateral technical cooperation and capacity-building with developing countries.

Support for multilateral environmental organizations

Environment Canada provides support to various multilateral organizations to assist developing countries in improving environmental conditions and, therefore, improving the livelihoods of vulnerable populations in these countries. For example, Environment Canada provides annual support to the United Nations Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol. Resources from the Fund are used to ensure that the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons and halons, does not adversely affect the economies of developing countries. Environment Canada also provided funds for Canada's annual core contribution to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Based in Kenya, an important part of the UNEP's work focuses on environmental issues facing developing countries. Environment Canada also renewed its financial commitment to the UNEP Global Environment Monitoring System Water Programme (GEMS/Water). GEMS/Water is the primary source for global water-quality data. In 2010-2011, Environment Canada supported the International Network for Bamboo and Rattan to implement projects in Africa, Asia, and Latin America that integrate poverty reduction with environmental sustainability.

Environment Canada also provided financial support to increase the participation of developing-country representatives in international environment negotiations. This included support for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Trust Fund for Participation and the Mercury International Negotiating Committee Participation Fund. Environment Canada supported the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) Ministerial Meeting, which facilitated focused dialogue prior to the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties in December 2010.

In 2010-2011, Environment Canada contributed to international trust funds aimed at enhancing scientific and technical capacities, including the Data Buoy Corporation Program, the Panel on Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay, and the Group on Earth Observations. Finally, Environment Canada provided Canada's annual contribution to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The WMO supports developing countries in strengthening their national meteorological and hydrological services.

Technical cooperation and capacity-building with developing countries

Environment Canada also engages in technical cooperation and capacity-building with various developing countries on environmental issues that directly affect the environment and well-being of developing-country citizens.

This included support for the Southern Cone Grasslands Alliance, aimed at increasing the capacity of developing countries to monitor and improve agricultural conservation efforts, and the provision of equipment, services and meteorologists to Haiti's Centre Nationale de Meteorologie. Environment Canada supported developing countries in international training events on key environmental issues, including an online "e-learning curriculum" to facilitate implementation of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity program of work on protected areas, support for the WMO's Education and Training Program, and capacity-building initiatives within the global Brewer instrument network.

Finally, in FY 2010-2011 Environment Canada provided support to Chile and Peru under bilateral environment agreements. The Department provided support to Chile, within the context of the 1997 Canada-Chile Agreement on Environmental Cooperation, related to parks management, enforcement of wildlife trading regulations, pulp and paper effluent monitoring, and conservation of shared migratory birds. Environment Canada also provided support to Peru under the Canada-Peru Agreement on the Environment, which commits both countries to encourage high levels of domestic environmental protection and creates a framework for undertaking environmental cooperative activities.

Labour Canada
$1.9 million

The Labour Program negotiates and administers Canada's Labour Cooperation Agreements (LCAs), which are signed alongside Free Trade Agreements. LCAs include commitments to protect internationally recognized core labour rights and to enforce domestic labour laws. LCAs are intended to protect workers' basic rights and improve working conditions and standards of living in the signatory countries. These agreements also ensure fair competition for Canadian industry in a globalized world. Canada's latest generation of LCAs contains mechanisms to receive and investigate complaints and impose penalties, where warranted.

In addition to negotiating and administering LCAs, the Labour Program provides technical assistance to developing countries. This assistance funds capacity-building projects that support the modernization of labour policy and administration. Such projects foster better enforcement of national labour laws and greater respect for internationally recognized core labour standards.

Technical assistance is delivered through the International Trade and Labour Program (ITLP), a grants-and-contributions program established in 2004. The ITLP seeks to strengthen institutions of democratic governance, promote economic growth while respecting workers' rights, and improve the quality of working conditions in partner countries.

In fiscal year 2010-2011, the Labour Program provided a total of $1.8 million in ODA through grants to the International Labour Organization (ILO) for the implementation of projects in Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, India, Haiti and Ukraine. The promotion of social dialogue, labour-administration reform and modernization, labour-law compliance and "Decent Work" are key objectives of these projects.

Furthermore, the Labour Program provided $100,000 in ODA to York University to organize the Canada-China Forum on Industrial Relations. This conference brought together representatives of government, unions, business, academia, international organizations and the NGO community to identify best practices and innovative public policies and programs on industrial relations and labour-standards issues.

Natural Resources Canada
$1.75 million

The official development assistance of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) for 2010-2011 totalled $1,751,500, delivered through the African Model Forest Initiative (AMFI), a follow-up to Canada's commitments made at the 2008 Francophonie Summit in Quebec City.

The Initiative aims to improve the conservation and sustainable management of forest resources in francophone Africa, including the Congo Basin and Mediterranean region (Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria), through the Canadian approach of Model Forests.

The AMFI supports good governance, human-resource and local economic development, and the sustainable management of forest-based landscapes. Bilateral assistance is provided to local, regional and national organizations to support local initiatives aimed at enhancing ecological and community sustainability through Model Forest development. Activities undertaken by the AMFI make a positive contribution toward constructive dialogue related to natural-resource management and land use among both government and civil-society stakeholders.

The African Model Forest Network (AMFN) was established in 2009 as a subset of the International Model Forest Network with support from NRCan. The AMFN's mission is to facilitate the development of a pan-African network of Model Forests' representative of the continent's wealth and diversity. The African Network currently includes two Model Forests in Cameroon, with others in development in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, the Democratic Republic of Congo and elsewhere in the Congo Basin.

NRCan also supports partnerships developed between the AMFN and Canadian Model Forests, universities and NGOs (such as CUSO-VSO) in areas of participatory governance, community and economic development, research and capacity-building.

NRCan actively supports, along with CIDA and DFAIT, the Government of Canada's facilitation of the Congo Basin Forest Partnership, and views the AMFI program as a key contribution to its success. The Program also works with Canadian organizations, with a view to integrating and complementing programming where possible.

Industry Canada
$1.07 million

Industry Canada's contribution to official development assistance consists of its voluntary contribution to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which has a mandate to enable the growth and sustained development of telecommunications and information networks, and to facilitate universal access so that people everywhere can participate in, and benefit from, the emerging information society and global economy. The ability to communicate freely is a prerequisite to a more equitable, prosperous and peaceful world. The ITU assists in mobilizing the technical, financial and human resources needed to realize this vision.

A key priority of the ITU lies in bridging the so-called "digital divide" by building information and communications infrastructure, promoting adequate capacity-building and developing confidence in the use of cyberspace through enhanced online security. Achieving cyber-security and cyber-peace are among the most critical concerns of the information age, and ITU is taking concrete measures through its landmark Global Cybersecurity Agenda.

ITU also concentrates on strengthening emergency communications for disaster prevention and mitigation. While both developing and developed countries are equally vulnerable to natural disasters, poorer nations are hardest hit because of their already fragile economies and lack of resources.

Whether through developing the standard used to create infrastructure to deliver telecommunications services on a worldwide basis, through equitable management of the radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits to bring wireless services to every corner of the globe, or through providing support to countries and they pursue telecommunications-development strategies, all the elements of ITU's work are centred on the goal of putting every human being within easy and affordable reach of information and communications, and thus to contribute significantly toward economic and social development of all people.

ITU's dual responsibility as a United Nations specialized agency and as an executing agency for implementing projects under the UN development system or other funding arrangements consists in:

• assisting countries in the field of information and communications technologies (ICTs), in facilitating the mobilization of technical, human and financial resources needed for the implementation, as well as in promoting access to ICTs;
• promoting the extension of the benefits of ICTs to all the world's inhabitants;
• promoting and participating in actions that contribute toward narrowing the digital divide; and
• developing and managing programs that facilitate information flow geared to the needs of developing countries.

Industry Canada's official development assistance for fiscal year 2010-2011 totalled $1,072,749.

Parks Canada
$502,000

For fiscal year 2010-2011, Parks Canada's Official Development Assistance was $502,000-multilateral funding that includes its annual core contribution to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's World Heritage Fund, and its membership dues as Canada's representative to the World Conservation Union.

Appendix: Summary of CIDA's 2009-2010 Departmental Performance Report ^{Note 21}

CIDA contributed in 2009-2010 to ensuring food security, generating sustainable economic growth, giving children and youth a better future, stabilizing fragile countries, and responding to natural disasters.

CIDA support made possible the following examples of progress:

• Millions of people are healthier because of vaccination campaigns, rehabilitated health centres, community-health workers and health professionals trained in emergency obstetrical care, anti-retroviral drug treatments, access to safe water, and anti-malarial bed nets.
  
  
• Food security improved in several countries where farmers used new techniques or new crops and saw increased production and income. More than 105 million hungry people in 78 countries received food aid. CIDA funding also contributed to providing food in schools to approximately 21 million children worldwide, of which about 47 percent were girls.
  
  
• Communities benefited from sustainable economic growth through, for example, support to small entrepreneurs, microcredit, and tax reforms. With CIDA support, nine Caribbean countries reformed their tax structures by introducing more-efficient value-added tax (VAT) and excise tax systems. Microcredit schemes and other initiatives led to a IS-percent increase in livelihood incomes in Sri Lanka.
  
  
• Government institutions became more robust, allowing for more transparent budget planning, monitoring and policy making, accountable financial and procurement management, increased results-based public programs, improved statistical capacity, and better delivery of public services.
  
  
• More than 140 Canadian organizations promoted democratic governance through the development of policies and programs that support the rights of women and youth, increased democratic participation, labour rights, accountability and transparency, food security, and environmental sustainability.
  
  
• Independent election institutions and electoral processes, and the democratic participation of women and men were supported.

To carry out its mandate and maintain its operations in 2009-2010, CIDA planned $3,248,388,000 in spending, with total authorities of $4,211,661,351. Actual spending for that period was $3,600,344,021. The variance between planned and actual spending mainly reflects increased funding received through supplementary estimates for programs and initiatives such as programming for food security to support development, research and innovation in agriculture, and responses to urgent humanitarian needs.

Performance Indicators

CIDs Report on Plans and Priorities for 2009-2010 set out three performance indicators of its progress in managing the aid program. These performance indicators contribute to CIDs two strategic outcomes: increased achievement of development goals consistent with Canadian foreign policy objectives and sustained support and informed action by Canadians in international development. CIDA achieved progress on all three of these indicators.

1. Progress toward the Millennium Development Goals

In 2009-2010, Canada made important contributions to the achievement of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), particularly in the areas of food security, child health, and education. Canada's emphasis on accountability and aid effectiveness also align with the objectives of the MDG Summit.

In January 2010 the Prime Minister announced that Canada would make the health of mothers, newborns, and children in the world's poorest regions a top priority of the G-8 Summit to take place later that year. This maternal, newborn and child health initiative directly contributes to two of the MDGs: reducing child mortality and improving maternal health.

2. Progress toward democratic governance

CIDA's programming in democratic governance helped to build capable and accountable public institutions, increase respect for human rights, strengthen the rule of law, and support freedom and democracy.

3. Sustained support and informed action by Canadians in international development

With CIDA support, various media campaigns, classroom activities, and programs such as contests and training reached out to millions of Canadians. More than 400 election observers participated in 20 election-observation missions in 17 countries. Further, new agreements are allowing tens of thousands of Canadian volunteers and youth interns to work in communities around the world on development projects.

Priorities

In 2009-2010, CIDA made progress in all of its five program and management priorities.

1. Strengthen the effectiveness of Canada's aid program and implement the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness

CIDA made significant progress in this priority by carrying out a variety of activities, many of which are set out in its 2009 Aid Effectiveness Action Plan:

• CIDA surpassed its 80 percent target for bilateral country program assistance to its 20 countries of focus.
• CIDA continued to decentralize its operations in the field, and it developed a new decentralization model to improve alignment between programs and local priorities.
• Canada is on track to fully untie 100 percent of its development aid by 2012-2013.
• CIDA is reducing the time and effort it requires to design and implement programs, and it has developed a policy on program-based approaches.
• CIDA took measures to improve reporting and communications, improve accountability and transparency, and provide better information to Canadians. These measures included a new Development for Results report, major innovations in communications and results management in the Afghanistan program, and a suite of social-media tools in its Haiti website.

2. Focus on CIDA's thematic priorities

CIDA made significant progress on three priority themes that guide the Agency's work:

• Increasing Food Security—The Minister of International Cooperation launched CIDA's Food Security Strategy, which aims to address the extreme hunger and undernourishment of the world's most vulnerable people. The strategy builds on CIDA's previous commitment to untie food aid and the Prime Minister's 2009 announcement to commit $600 million in incremental funds for sustainable agricultural development. CIDA also partnered with the International Development Research Centre to launch the Canadian International Food Security Research Fund.
  
  
• Securing the Future of Children and Youth—The Minister announced CIDA's strategy for responding to the needs of the world's most vulnerable young people, especially girls, and helping them build resourceful, engaged, and productive adulthoods.
  
  
• Stimulating Sustainable Economic Growth—CIDA consulted widely to finalize its Sustainable Economic Growth Strategy.

3. Play a strategic role in Afghanistan, Haiti, and other fragile states

CIDA made some progress on this priority in 2009-2010, applying its experience to strengthen Canada's role in the reconstruction and development of fragile states.

• Afghanistan—In 2009-2010, CIDA's Afghanistan country program delivered approximately $205 million in reconstruction and development assistance, which strengthened institutional capacity, provided humanitarian assistance, and advanced capacity for democratic governance.
  
  
• Haiti—As one of the largest donors in Haiti, Canada is making a real difference in the lives of the Haitian population, including those affected by the January 2010 earthquake. In addition to its regular programming, CIDA committed $150.15 million in humanitarian assistance.
  
  
• Other fragile states—In Sudan and in the West Bank and Gaza, CIDA supported emergency assistance to conflict-affected populations, and it contributed to recovery, reconstruction, and strengthening of institutional capacity.

4. Support the Government's commitment to the Americas

CIDA made significant progress on this priority, notably in Haiti (see above) and in the Agency's five other countries of focus in the Americas: Bolivia, the Caribbean Regional Program, Colombia, Honduras, and Peru.

5. Implement CIDA's Public Service Renewal action plan

CIDA met all its objectives on this priority, having created a whole-of-agency engagement initiative on excellence in people management (EPM) that touched all levels of the Agency, including union representation.

CIDA also created an advisory group to develop an action plan, build awareness of EPM, and better align CIDA's management practices with the Public Service Renewal Action Plan, Code of Values and Ethics, and Leadership Competencies.

Risk analysis and management

CIDA's Corporate Risk Profile 2009-2010 identified the Agency's two greatest risks:

• Program effectiveness might be compromised by an inability to attract, develop, and retain competent staff.
• Large-scale, unanticipated strategic changes might affect the Agency's ability to deliver.

To respond to these risks, CIDA:

• included in its Integrated Business Planning exercise the human-resource planning requirements to attract, develop, and retain staff;
• implemented community-based learning programs to build and maintain public knowledge about the Agency's business programs, priorities, and processes; and
• identified clear thematic priorities to guide its programming (see above), complementing existing strategies for its 20 countries of focus.

These measures complemented CIDA's ongoing, rigorous risk-management activities, including the work of its Internal Audit Committee.

Program activities

CIDA defined six core program activities that support its strategic outcomes in its Program Activity Architecture (PAA).

These program activities are based on the PAA in effect during the 2009-2010 reporting period. Note that a new PAA came into effect in the following year (see section 3.1 of the Report on Plans and Priorities for 2010-2011).^{Note 22}

1. Countries of focus

With actual spending of $783,533,120, CIDA made significant progress on all four performance indicators in this program activity: 1) progress toward the Millennium Development Goals, 2) level of democratic governance, 3) existence of effective government poverty-reduction strategies, and 4) alignment of CIDA's country strategies and institutional support with the countries' national development plans.

In 2009-2010, CIDA achieved results through investment in key sectors:

• Education—for example, through the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) Education Program, which reached children that the national school system could not (drop-outs, ethnic minorities, the disabled, and the extremely poor); through budgetary support to Mali's education sector, which increased primary school enrolment; and by supporting Nicaragua's national education plan.
  
  
• Health and sanitation—for example, helping Ghana increase people's access to safe water in rural areas, and reducing child mortality and maternal deaths in Ethiopia by supporting local health centres and the provision of contraceptives, bed nets, and immunization.
  
  
• Food security—for example, through programming to expand production of higher-value crops and livestock in Vietnam, increase irrigation of cropland in Tanzania, and establish 17 agricultural extension service offices in Ukraine.
  
  
• Democratic governance—for example, by supporting the Government of Mali's creation of an Office of the Auditor General in 2008, helping to ensure free and fair elections in Bolivia, and leading efforts to link the Donor Group on Gender Equality to other technical working groups in Ethiopia.
  
  
• Sustainable economic growth—for example, with programming to establish 57 advocacy groups for the poorest households in conflict-affected communities in Sri Lanka and support microcredit initiatives, and by encouraging 26,500 villagers in Indonesia to participate in decisions on soil-erosion control, pest management, and demonstration plots for commodity crops.

In its countries of focus, CIDA continues to adapt to the challenges of high turnover of personnel in participating organizations, and to disruptions during political crises. The Agency does this by focusing on systems rather than individuals, and by diversifying its choice of partnerships, especially by working with multilateral organizations.

2. Fragile states and countries experiencing humanitarian crisis

CIDA's actual spending in this program activity was $860,208,300, contributing to significant progress in two of its performance indicators: 1) reduction in the prevalence of acute malnutrition, and 2) development of national poverty-reduction strategies. This progress reduced the vulnerability of crisis-affected people and helped restore the capacity of public institutions and civil society.

In 2009-2010, CIDA achieved results through investment in key sectors:

• Natural disasters—CIDA responded to 36 natural disasters in 2009-2010, including Typhoon Ketsana, the Sumatra island earthquakes, floods in Burkina Faso, and the earthquake in Haiti. The latter was Canada's largest-ever humanitarian response to a natural disaster, with a commitment of $150.15 million to meet the humanitarian needs of more than two million people.
  
  
• Food assistance—CIDA contributed $337 million in food aid, mostly through the World Food Programme and the Canadian Foodgrains Bank, which met the food needs of some 105 million people in 78 countries, including Haiti, Afghanistan, and Sudan.
  
  
• Recovery and reconstruction—In Afghanistan, through CIDA's support, the Mine Action Coordination Center of Afghanistan released 574 km² of land and delivered mine-risk education to more than one million people. In Sudan, through support to a World Bank trust fund, CIDA improved delivery of health services, particularly to women.
  
  
• Supporting institutional capacity and strengthening aid effectiveness—In Haiti, CIDA provided 55 experts to train and support staff in central agencies and vastly expanded a registration exercise for unaccompanied and orphaned minors. In the West Bank and Gaza, CIDA helped the Palestinian Authority improve public financial management and adopt sound macroeconomic policies.
  
  
• Supporting electoral processes—CIDA supported Sudan's first multiparty elections since 1986. In Afghanistan, CIDA supported national projects that encouraged people to exercise their right to vote in the 2009 presidential and provincial council elections.

3. Selected countries and regions

CIDA's development-assistance programming in selected countries and regions aims to enhance the capacity of these countries and regions to achieve stability and /or development goals, and to contribute to Canada's international interests and objectives. With $373,576,084 in actual spending in 2009-2010, CIDA made some progress toward the Millennium Development Goals and significant progress in two other performance indicators: 1) the amount of targeted programming in areas of mutual interest, and 2) the degree to which other Canadian government departments are engaged in these countries. CIDA aligned all its country strategies to the selected countries' national development plans.

Although the scale of CIDA's investments constrains the Agency's ability to influence change, significant progress was recorded toward country development goals such as health and education. CIDA also made some progress in supporting food security, economic growth, and democratic governance.

4. Multilateral, international, and Canadian institutions

CIDA continued to work closely with multilateral, international, and Canadian institutions, significantly enhancing the effectiveness of its partnerships with them in achieving development goals. Most organizations and projects funded through this program activity have met or exceeded CIDA's requirements for the use of results-based management (RBM) and for the consideration of gender equality and the environment.

In its partnerships with multilateral and global organizations, CIDA:

• as a leading member, helped the Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network expand its suite of gender-equality institutional assessments and strengthen its approach for assessing the effectiveness of multilateral organizations;
• supported the World Food Programme's school feeding programs for children in several African countries; and
• supported UNICEF in the Catalytic Initiative to Save a Million Lives, a key component of the Africa Health Systems Initiative announced at the 2006 G-8 Summit.

In its partnerships with Canadian organizations, CIDA:

• ensured that all new projects submitted by Canadian partners use an RBM approach;
• encouraged Canadian partners to perform a participatory gender audit at the organizational level and to strengthen their institutional environmental capacity;
• designed and delivered a training program in RBM and gender equality to more than 300 participants;
• ensured that nearly 40 percent of projects funded by its branch in charge of partnerships with Canadian organizations were in the 20 countries of focus; and
• worked with nine volunteer cooperation agencies to sign contribution agreements for a $244.6-million multi-country program, supporting the placement of 8,500 volunteers from 2009 to 2014.

CIDA also continues to strengthen its approaches to results and reporting, to focus its funding on Canadian priorities, and to strengthen its partner organizations' performance and the multilateral system as a whole

5. Engaging Canadian citizens

This activity raises Canadians' awareness and deepens their understanding of international development. CIDA made significant progress in this area, carrying out media campaigns that reached out to millions of Canadians. As well, classroom activities informed an estimated 1.9 million children and educators, and more than 140,000 people were influenced through lectures, films, workshops, speaking tours, participatory theatre, training of youth leaders, art and multimedia contests, and leadership development.

And Canadians were engaged: Canada contributed 414 observers to 20 international election-observation missions in 17 countries. CIDA's International Youth Internship Program (2009-2014) supports approximately 1,980 interns in obtaining international work experience in developing countries.

6. Internal services

CIDA invests resources to ensure the smooth running of its operations-from communications and legal services to information technology and human-resources management-and aims to improve them. In 2009-2010, the Agency implemented its Public Service Renewal action plan, with progress in four areas:

• planning—by launching a business-planning exercise and creating a senior committee to oversee all resource decisions and the budgetary dimension of all major reporting documents;
  
  
• recruitment—by hiring several post-secondary candidates and by launching a national recruitment campaign for entry-level development officers;
  
  
• employee development—by expanding its talent management and introducing new commitments to people management for executives, refining its oversight of all employees' learning plans, and launching a learning strategy to support an enhanced field presence; and
  
  
• enabling infrastructure—by implementing service standards for classification, staffing, and compensation.

Alternate Format

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Report to Parliament on the Government of Canada's Official Development Assistance 2010-2011 (PDF, 59 pages, 798 KB)