Gender Equality Toolkit – CIDA China Program

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Acronyms and Abbreviations
Key Definitions
Introduction
Canada and China are Committed to Gender Equality
Project Cycle and Gender Equality
Tools
Tool 1: Checklist for using CIDA's Policy on Gender Equality to make a project more gender-aware
Tool 2: What to expect from a specialist and a non-specialist on gender equality
Tool 3: Making the case for gender equality
Tool 4: How to assess whether gender equality has been covered
Tool 5: Tool for reporting on gender equality: examples of gender equality results
Tool 6: Engendered Logical Framework Analysis (LFA)
Tool 7: Gender equality assessment of stakeholders
Tool 8: Gender-sensitive indicators
Tool 9: Guidelines for project gender equality strategies: lessons from experience
Resources and References

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACWF - All China Women's Federation
CDPF - Country Development Programming Framework
CEA - Canadian Executing Agency
CEDAW - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
ChEA - Chinese Executing Agency
CIDA - Canadian International Development Agency
CP - Concept Paper
EA - Executing Agency
EPR - End of Project Report
GAD - Gender and Development
GE - Gender Equality
JPSC - Joint Project Steering Committee
LFA - Logical Framework Analysis
MOA - Ministry of Agriculture (China)
MOFCOM - Ministry of Commerce (China)
MOLSS - Ministry of Labour and Social Security (China)
MOU - Memorandum of Understanding
NGO - Non-governmental Organization
NWCCW - National Working Committee on Children and Women (China)
ODA - Official Development Assistance
PAD - Project Approval Document
PIP - Project Implementation Plan
PMF - Performance Measurement Framework
PPR - Project Performance Report
PTL - Project Team Leader
RBM - Results-Based Management
RFP - Request for Proposals
TOR - Terms of Reference
TOT - Training of Trainers
WID - Women in Development
WTO - World Trade Organization
WUA - Water User Association

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Key Definitions

Gender and sex
Sex identifies the biological difference between men and women; gender identifies the social relations between men and women. It therefore refers not to men and women but to the relationships between them, and the way these are socially constructed. Gender relations and roles are context specific and change in response to altering circumstances.

CIDA policy on gender equality*
The objectives of the Policy on Gender Equality are:
* The full text of CIDA's Policy on Gender Equality.

Country Development Programming Framework(CDPF)
This document establishes areas of development cooperation between China and Canada.

Gender equality as a cross-cutting theme
Gender Equality will be emphasized in all programming, and specific measures will be supported to ensure gender equality results are achieved.

Gender mainstreaming
This is a process whereby relevant gender equality dimensions are integrated in the overall project or program, and where gender equality goals are sought through the use of tools such as gender analysis and through both gender-integrated and gender-specific programming.

Gender analysis
Over the years various gender analysis tools have been developed to seek answers to the following questions:

Note: Asking these questions at different stages of the project helps us to understand the impacts of programming on women and men and ensures that development results are delivered.

Gender assumptions
Our understanding of what women and men do in various communities/institutions/organizations is often based on our experience in a different context. There are assumptions about gender roles. The danger is that because gender roles differ from place to place and change over time, we might waste development resources by, for example, providing agricultural training to men in a context where women carry out the tasks. This is where gender analysis can provide up-to-date information and challenge inaccurate assumptions.

Gender equality and equity
The CIDA Policy on Gender Equality identifies equity as the means, and equality as the desired result, of development programming. Gender equity refers to the process of being fair to both women and men, while gender equality means that they enjoy the same status and conditions for realizing their full human rights and potential to contribute to development and are both able to benefit from the results.

Participatory development
It is a process through which the women and men most affected by CIDA's development programming participate in determining both the means and the results of that programming. Participatory development is not necessarily achieved only by having large numbers of people attend meetings and trainings; rather, opportunities in which women and men can themselves act as agents of change need to be facilitated.

Sex disaggregated data
They are data that are stratified by sex, thus facilitating our understanding of the different situations for women and men.

Women in Development (WID) and Gender and Development (GAD)
These approaches to development preceded the current thinking on gender equality. WID focused exclusively on including women and resulted in projects and activities directed only to women. GAD approaches are based on understanding the gaps that exist between the resources and opportunities available to women and men, and of the attempts to bridge those gaps. The GAD approach forms the methodological foundation for CIDA's current commitment to gender equality.

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Introduction

Welcome to the CIDA China Program Country Development Programming Framework: Gender Equality Implementation Package

The China Gender Equality Implementation Package is a guide to integrating gender equality principles into the work of the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) China Program. It is designed to bridge the current China Country Development Programming Framework 2005-2010 and CIDA's Policy on Gender Equality (March 1999). It has been created to ensure the realization of the CIDA China Program's commitment to gender equality as a strategic programming approach:

"Gender equality as a cross-cutting theme will be emphasized in all programming, and specific measures (e.g. gender-related projects and analysis) will be supported to ensure gender equality results are achieved related to the CDPF objectives."

As a cross-cutting theme, the results of gender equality are to be explicitly and systematically integrated into all programming in CIDA's five key corporate sectors.

The China Gender Equality Implementation Package does not provide specific and separate expected results for gender equality. Rather, this Package is intended to guide users on how to integrate gender equality considerations into all aspects and all phases of programs and projects, in order to do
two things:

This Implementation Package is the product of a process of research and consultation involving Chinese and Canadian program partners; Chinese officials and gender equality experts-e.g. scholars and researchers, and NGOs. The resulting analysis supports a vision of how the expected results of the CDPF can be achieved, and enhanced, by taking into account current gender equality issues and trends in China, increasing equality between women and men, girls and boys, and diminishing the gaps between them.

This package is intended for use by CIDA staff and by Canadian Executing Agencies and their Chinese partners, and has been designed for flexibility and ease of use. Read it in its entirety and then, as needed, pull out the sections that are relevant to your work. New sections may be added in the future so if you see the need for a new tool or section, let us know.

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Canada and China are Committed to Gender Equality

"We in China have made gender equality a basic state policy."

China and Canada share the same goal: to promote the full equality of women and men in terms of their economic, social and political rights. In China this is enshrined in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and in Canada it is enshrined in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This common commitment and both countries' key policies and programs supporting gender equality (GE) provide development programmers with all the needed justification for ensuring programs and projects contribute to greater gender equality. Key Canadian and Chinese commitments on GE are outlined in the table below.

Gender Equality Commitment	Date	Key Gender Equality Undertaking
International
CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women)	1979-Canada and China	to incorporate the principle of equality of men and women in their legal system, abolish all discriminatory laws and adopt appropriate ones prohibiting discrimination against women; to establish tribunals and other public institutions to ensure the effective protection of women against discrimination; and to ensure elimination of all acts of discrimination against women by persons, organizations, or enterprises.
Beijing Platform for Action	1995-Canada and China	Identified areas of action: 1) poverty, 2) education, 3) health, 4) violence against women, 5) armed conflict, 6) women and the economy, 7) decision making, 8) institutional mechanisms, 9) human rights, 10) mass media, 11) women and the environment, and 12) the girl child.
Millennium Development Goals	2000-Canada and China	1) eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, 2) achieve universal primary education, 3) promote gender equality and empower women, 4) reduce child mortality, 5) improve maternal health, 6) combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, 7) ensure environmental sustainability, 8) develop a global partnership for development.
National
CIDA's Policy on Gender Equality	1999	Identifies that gender equality must be considered as an integral part of all CIDA policies, programs, and projects.
2001-2010 Program for the Development of Chinese Women	2000-China	Focusing on six priority areas for improving women's status: 1) the economy, 2) decision making and management, 3) health, 4) education, 5) law, 6) environment.
Joint
CIDA China Program CDPF	2005-2010 CIDA and MOFCOM	Gender equality as a cross-cutting theme will be emphasized in all programming, and specific measures (e.g. gender-related projects and analysis) will be supported to ensure gender equality results are achieved related to the CDPF objectives: to contribute to human rights, democratic development, and good governance in China through cooperation focusing on the rule of law, including legal, judicial, governmental, and legislative institutions, and standards and requirements of international instruments to which Canada and China are party; and to promote environmental sustainability in China through support for Chinese efforts to manage environmental issues in rural western regions of China by enhancing the capacity of China's land resource management systems.

Project Cycle and Gender Equality

Project cycle checklist for Executing Agencies

This section lists the recommended gender equality roles of Executing Agencies at various stages of the project cycle.

Project Implementation Plan (PIP)

Joint Project Steering Committee (JPSC)

Annual work plans

Monitors' reports: evaluations

Quarterly/semi-annual project progress reports

Project/Program Performance Report (PPR)

End of Project/Program Report (EPR)

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Tools

Toolkit for Gender Equality

In the Toolkit for Gender Equality, you will find the following tools:

Tool 1: Checklist for using CIDA's Policy on Gender Equality to make a project more gender-aware.

Tool 2: What to expect from a specialist and a non-specialist on gender equality.

Tool 3: Making the case for gender equality.

Tool 4: How to assess whether gender equality has been covered.

Tool 5: Tool for reporting on gender equality: examples of gender equality results.

Tool 6: Engendered Logical Framework Analysis (LFA).

Tool 7: Gender equality assessment of stakeholders.

Tool 8: Gender-sensitive indicators.

Tool 9: Guidelines for project gender equality strategies: lessons from experience.

If you need...	…look for tools
Planning tools for project analysis and design	6, 7, 8
Recruitment tools for writing terms of reference and evaluating gender competence	2
Implementation tools for integrating gender equality in projects	1, 4, 5, 8, 9
Communication tools for promoting gender equality results	3, 9

This checklist is a simple set of key questions to help you put on a "gender lens" when approaching any of the China project issues, at any time in the project cycle. These questions are meant to tweak your thinking, to help you see the gender forest through the project detail trees. They are organized into three groups according to CIDA's three corporate gender equality results:

1. More equal participation of women with men as decision makers in shaping the sustainable development of their societies

2. Women and girls more able to realize their full human rights

Is there scope to use relevant articles from the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, and to facilitate its implementation?

3. Reduced inequalities between women and men in access to and control over the resources and benefits of development



The following lists make suggestions on what you should be able to expect development professionals to know about gender equality, even if their specialties are something else, and for which aspects you need to turn to a specialist.

It is appropriate to require that a development professional be able to:

It is appropriate to require that a gender equality specialist be able to:

(Based on Vainio-Mattila, Arja (1999) Navigating Gender: A framework and a tool for participatory development. 60p. Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland.)T



Here are some of the key responses that can be given when the relevance of the gender dimension in any given project is questioned. This tool is divided into two parts:

It's Important to Integrate Gender in this Project Because:

Gender equality is one of both China's and Canada's stated goals and basic policies; it is also part of both countries' international commitments.

China's constitution states that men and women are equal and are equally entitled to education, health care, inheritance and property, political participation, and employment. Most laws include a clause stipulating that women and men are to be treated equally.

In Canada, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms recognizes that men and women are equal and have an equal right to protection and benefit, without discrimination.

The China Program for the Development of Chinese Women aims to improve the status of women across a broad range of social and economic sectors. In 1980, China and Canada ratified the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. China hosted the 1995 World Conference on Women; Canada and China endorsed the Beijing Platform for Action and participated in the UN's Beijing +5 and +10 conferences.

All signatories are responsible for monitoring and reporting to the UN on the implementation of these commitments and on the progress made in a number of gender equality indicators. Furthermore, both countries have endorsed the Millennium Development Goals, including the goal to promote gender equality and empower women. By ensuring a project contributes to a reduction in existing gender inequalities, CIDA is assisting China in reaching its own goals and fulfilling domestic and international commitments.


Gender equality contributes to economic productivity and growth. As the World Bank's research report Engendering Development states: "By hindering the accumulation of human capital in the home and the labour market … gender discrimination diminishes an economy's capacity to grow and to raise living standards."

There is a strong business case for mainstreaming gender in development projects. Summarized from the World Bank's 2002 strategy entitled Integrating Gender into the World Bank's Work: A Strategy for Action: However, it is important to note that economic development is not the sole determinant of women's status, and that, therefore, addressing economic development will not automatically address women's inequality. We need to refer to experiences such as the World Bank's to demonstrate that women need to be considered with, and in relation to, men in order for development to reach its full potential.


Men and women are often responsible for different tasks in the household and in the economy. Their needs are not always identical. They don't face the same barriers when they try to increase their capacity, productivity, and income. And in some cases, their goals and aspirations can be dissimilar. A household is not necessarily a homogeneous unit; income and assets are not automatically shared equitably. The experience of CIDA and other donors in China and elsewhere shows that when we are specific about including women as decision makers and participants, men and women share more equitably in the opportunities of the project and its results.


Cultures are not static. They change in response to the economic and social environment and in response to the actions of individuals and groups in society. Development initiatives are by their nature about change. Within any partner country there will be many views on how cultural values are to be interpreted. Women's status in a society is defined within a cultural context. Raising women's status in society may include demonstrating, with the help of data, the key constraints to women's participation or showing how institutional rules and regulations do not favour women's participation. For example, the time of trainings may not be convenient for women because of other tasks they are expected to carry out.

While these socially constructed attitudes generally impact negatively on women, there can be negative effects for men and boys such as the pressure that eldest sons bear for supporting their parents; the working conditions of male migrant workers; and the barriers to education for some boys who are pressured to withdraw from school. Research for this toolkit highlighted the need for greater analysis and research on the topic.

The following table (adapted from the CIDA document Questions about Culture, Gender Equality and Development Cooperation) provides some constructive responses to statements that are sometimes encountered when talking with partners about gender equality.

Examples	Constructive Responses
"Men and women are already equal!" "This project will help women as much as men - there's no need to pay attention to this."	Have ready studies and statistics on existing gender gaps or discriminatory practices in the relevant sector or geographic area, and emphasize that more needs to be understood in this sector and in this location.
Taking an anecdote and generalizing: "All farm women…", "What women want in this area is…", "What women need here is…" or speaking for women.	Use your own mission's findings, studies, and statistics that demonstrate "women" are not homogeneous, that many have different needs, views, etc., and more needs to be explored scientifically. "That may be true, but we feel the issue deserves to be assessed and addressed…", and outline how you suggest making progress to explore this.
"Something should be done, so why don't we have a component (small) of the project for this and have a women's organization handle it?"	You want to shift from activities that focus solely on women to mainstreaming: "We think the best way to reach this project's goals is to integrate the gender dimension in the project; the results we're trying to reach have to do with men, women, girls and boys, not women alone."
Expresses agreement, but then doesn't take the necessary actions to make gender integration happen.	Ensure gender equality results are built into the LFA at the output and outcome levels and that the partner reports on them regularly. Ask about the results during JPSCs and hold the partner accountable for the agreed-upon actions.
Stating that "in-depth studies are needed", or that "recruitment has failed to drum up any qualified women", or that "once the next thing is done, we'll get right to it".	Research may be needed, etc. but things can be done in the interim. Propose some next steps to implement the project's gender strategy and set a deadline when certain actions must be reported back to you.
Refers everything having to do with gender equality to the women's organization.	Come back to the 'why' of gender integration in projects and the business case for gender and development. Plan for key partners and members of the leading group to take part in project-specific gender training workshops.
Making the one woman on the leading group or in the project team responsible for gender equality.	Don't undermine this woman; instead, ensure she gets ample capacity-building opportunities, defer to her in discussions, and build alliances with other stakeholders. Look for potential allies and champions. Men can take on the role of gender expert too. Look for men to carry the gender message during meetings, study tours, etc.

A gender analysis should be part and parcel of the project's analytical assessment. The findings should also be integrated into the overall project analysis, as well as the other specific analyses required, e.g. capacity analysis and socio-economic analysis. The gender analysis should identify and assess gender equality data and issues in the specific context of the project. The gender analysis will provide the rationale for the gender equality results in the project's Logical Framework Analysis (LFA) and for the project's gender equality strategy. The findings of the gender analysis should be used to help develop the project's expected results and indicators.

A project gender analysis deals specifically with the national, provincial, and local context. It also deals specifically with the sub-sector(s) relevant to the project. However, in general the following key elements should be covered in the gender analysis:

Identification and analysis of the following gender-differentiated, project-related issues:

Identification of current project-related gender gaps
Assessment of the capacity of partners (government units, enterprises, organizations such as th Women's Federation; educational institutions, etc.) to achieve gender equality results, including the
Entry points for gender equality integration include:


CIDA's Policy Framework requires the Agency to demonstrate the explicit and systematic integration of gender equality throughout all projects and programs.

Accordingly, as you report on your project's actual results, including on gender equality, we would also ask that you state in the Results sections of your Project Performance Report (PPR) how the project has contributed to one or more of the Agency's corporate gender equality results, namely:

These results are further elaborated, with illustrative examples, in the table below. This table has been taken from CIDA's Framework for Assessing Gender Equality Results, a tool developed to conduct a corporate assessment of CIDA's progress in support of gender equality results.

Furthermore, as in previous years, additional information on progress can be included in the gender equality section of the PPR. This could include information on operational measures taken to achieve gender equality results and on how these measures have contributed to achieving gender equality results in the project. Operational measures could include: i) preparation and implementation of a project gender equality strategy; ii) gender equality sensitization and/or training of partners and beneficiaries; and iii) recruitment of technical advisory services specializing in gender equality.

For more information on developing indicators, consult Ten Steps to a Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation System (PDF, 1 MB, 264 pages),published by the World Bank.

CIDA Gender Equality Results Categorization
(from CIDA's Framework for Assessing Gender Equality Results)

Gender Equality Results		Illustrations of the types of results that would fall in each category (that is, illustrations of the way in which a project or other investment could contribute to particular gender equality results)
CIDA's corporate result	Elements of this result that could be addressed in a project
1. Decision making More equal partici-pation of women with men as decision makers in shaping the sustainable develop-ment of their societies.	1.1 Capacity for public participa-tion. Increased capacity of women and women's organizations for advocacy and for participation in public life and decision making.	Women's strengthened knowledge or skills (e.g. in advocacy, negotiation, or manage-ment) for participation in democratic or community-management bodies. Increased capacity or effectiveness of women's organizations to advocate for and to represent women's views. Strengthened women's organizations or networks. Strengthened dialogue between women's organizations and government authorities. More supportive environment for women's participation in public life and decision making in communities or institutions and among male colleagues. Increased influence of women and women's organizations in the community and in public decision making.
	1.2 Representation among decision makers. Increased representation of women in democratic processes and in decision-making positions in the partner institution, target sector, and partner community.	Increased number/proportion of women in decision-making positions in (depending on the project objectives): the partner organization (not the project itself) the target sector the partner community as candidates for public office
	1.3 Household and individual decision making. More equal power relations between women and men at the household level; increased decision-making capacity of individual women.	Increase in independent decision making by women on matters such as voting and mobility. Increase in shared decision making at the household level on matters such as expenditure, activities, etc.
2. Rights Women and girls more able to realize their full human rights.	2.1 Legal system. Strengthened promotion and protection of the human rights of girls and women in law and the actions of police, prosecutors, judges, and courts.	Increased use of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in national law. Formulation of legislation on key gender equality issues: e.g. land rights, violence, discrimination in employment. Elimination of legal barriers to equality (through specific legislation, or as part of legal reform). Actors in legal system (police, prosecutors, judges) more knowledgeable and able to treat women equitably. Improved access by women to the legal system (legal aid, reduction of barriers to access). More equitable decision making in formal and informal judicial bodies.
	2.2 Public awareness. Increased knowledge and recognition by the general public (women and men) and decision makers of the human rights of women and girls.	Increased awareness of rights violations such as trafficking of women and girls, forced marriage, dowry, early marriage, female genital mutilation. Increased awareness and participation by civil society organizations (e.g. human rights organizations, development organizations) in advocating for gender equality and women's rights. Awareness among women and men of laws and mechanisms protecting women's rights; increased participation by men in advocacy and the debate on gender equality. Increased awareness and support among decision makers on women's rights and gender equality issues; more informed debate on these issues. Better media coverage of gender equality and women's rights and changes in public attitudes about roles and entitlements of women and men.
	2.3 Response to gender-specific rights violations. Improved services and mechanisms responding to gender-specific constraints on rights or rights violations (e.g. violence against women and girls, trafficking of women and girls, sexual violence in conflict zones).	Improved provision or functioning of social services (e.g. shelters); responding to rights violations by government or civil society organizations. Strengthened policy commitments and programs to respond to gender-specific constraints on rights and rights violations.
3. Development resources and benefits Reduced inequalities between women and men in access to and control over the resources and benefits of development.	3.1 Livelihoods and productive assets. Increased access and control by women over productive assets (land, capital and credit, technology, skills) and increased access to decent work.	Increased access to credit and business support services. Increased number or competitiveness or sustainability of women's micro enterprises, businesses, or farms. More equitable access by women to productivity-enhancing inputs and services (extension, skills training, technology). Strengthened women's producer organizations. More equitable access by women to land and land ownership. Increased productivity by women and increased incomes, decreased disparity in incomes among populations affected by an investment; decreased vulnerability to destitution. Increased access by women to skills training, employment opportunities; increased representation of women in professional and technical fields. Reduced discriminatory practices against women workers; increased quality of employment (e.g. pay, conditions, health and safety).
	3.2 Institutional capacity. Increased capacity of partner institutions, govern-ments, and civil society organizations to design and implement policies, programs, and projects that reflect the priorities and interests of both women and men.	Clearer institutional responsibilities, approaches to achieving national gender equality objectives. Strengthened analytic skills, knowledge of gender equality issues, capacity to do gender analysis in a particular sector or public organization. Strengthened capacity and systems to collect and analyze data required for gender analysis of issues, policies, and programs. Increased institutional capacity to consult with women and men on issues and priorities or on gender equality issues. Increased capacity to manage for employment equity (recruitment, training, health and safety, family leave). Increased effectiveness of partner organizations or local governments in reaching and serving women equitably.
	3.3 Policy change. Adoption of policies supporting gender equality by institutions that manage development resources and benefits (i.e., policies responding to the different priorities and interests of women and men, girls and boys).	Economic policies: gender-equitable macro-economic policies (e.g. fiscal policies, trade, budgets). Poverty reduction strategies: inclusion of measures directing resources to poor women or measures to address the gender-specific constraints faced by poor women. Social policies: policies in health, education, social services, and other sectors that incorporate elements to reduce gender inequality or address women-specific issues. Sectoral reforms: establishment of clear sectoral gender equality objectives and sector-wide implementation mechanisms.
	3.4 Well-being and basic needs. Access by women to basic and appropriate services that support well-being and quality of life.	Increased access for women to safety, food security, water, shelter, transport, literacy, health, education, etc. Increased access by women and men and boys and boys to social services and social service delivery that responds to their different priorities and interests. Increased capacity of women's organizations to deliver services. Health: increased appropriateness and use of health care; improved health status of women or reduced gender gaps in health status indicators among the population served/reached. Education: increased proportion of girls and women at all levels; decreased drop-out rates. Humanitarian services: access by women to appropriate services and resources.

This is a tool to assist in integrating gender equality considerations in the project LFA. It is not a template for a separate "gender LFA". Many questions must be addressed in an LFA. The table below provides a sample of questions to consider.

	Narrative Summary	Performance Indicators	Means of Verification	Assumptions / Risks
Project Objectives	Is the gender dimension taken into account at the policy/national level in order to reach long-term gender equality results?	What measures can verify the achieve-ment of long-term gender equality impacts?	Are data for verifying the goal, outcomes, outputs and activities sex-disaggregated and analyzed in terms of gender equality?	What important external factors are necessary for sustaining gender equality results? Are there risks associated with integrating gender equality in the project? If so, how can they be mitigated? Are there risks associated with not integrating gender equality in the project? If so, how can they be mitigated?
Project Outcomes	Does the project include gender equality results i.e., have outcomes that will contribute to reducing identified gender gaps or inequalities?	What measures can verify achievement of gender equality results?	What gender analysis tools are appropriate?	What important external factors are necessary for sustaining the gender equality outcome(s)? Are there risks associated with promoting and integrating gender equality and how can they be mitigated? Are there risks associated with not integrating gender equality and how can they be mitigated?
Project Outputs	Is the distribution of benefits and resources taking into account identified gender inequalities, as well as gender roles and relations?	What measures can verify that project benefits equitably accrue to women as well as men, and to different groups of women, and reduce gender inequalities?		What important external factors are necessary for achieving gender equality results at the output level? Are there risks associated with integrating gender equality and of so, how can they be mitigated? Are there risks associated with not integrating gender equality and if so, how can they be mitigated?
Activities / Resources	Are gender equality issues clarified in the implementation of the project? Are the sub-components or activities designed in such a way as to help achieve gender- equality outputs and outcomes? Are there special measures necessary to close identified gender gaps and achieve results?	Resources Is the contribution of women as well as men accounted for? Are there external resources that account for women's access and control over resources? Are there adequate project resources allocated to gender equality?		What important external factors are necessary for achieving project activities, especially for ensuring continued involvement of men and women participants, particularly in decision making? Are there risks associated with integrating gender equality? If so, how can they be mitigated? Are there risks associated with not integrating gender equality and if so, how can they be mitigated?

Adapted from: Helen Hambly-Odame. 2000. "Engendering the Logframe." ISNAR.



Stakeholder analysis is essential in order to determine who are the main interlocutors in any project. Similarly, it is important to identify the people or groups that have an interest in the gender dimensions of the project. The tool below outlines a two-step procedure to conduct stakeholder analysis in the gender equality context.

Step 1: Identify key gender equality stakeholders through five key questions that will help you draw up a list of the stakeholders to include in your assessment:

Step 2: Draw up a Stakeholder Matrix to guide your assessment and then summarize your findings (these can be validated in a workshop where these and perhaps other findings are presented to program partners and stakeholders):

Stakeholder, and participation or role in the program	Interest of stake-holder in gender equality aspects of the program	Methods of influencing the program operations' gender equality aspects	Strengths: capacity to contribute to gender equality results/ aspects of program	Weaknesses: factors limiting capacity to contribute to gender equality results/ aspects of the program
Stakeholder 1
Stakeholder 2
(etc.)

¹Adapted from both IDRC Enhancing Organizational Performance, and Vainio-Mattila (1999) Navigating Gender


This tool provides a reminder of what constitutes a gender-sensitive indicator.

Definition

"An indicator is an item of data that summarises a large amount of information in a single figure, in such a way as to give an indication of change over time, and in comparison to a norm. A gender-sensitive indicator can be defined as an indicator that captures gender-related changes in society over time."
What is needed


Every CIDA China Program project should have a gender equality strategy, based on the gender analysis that has been conducted and on consulta-tions with partners and stakeholders. The Gender Equality Strategy should spell out explicit guidelines for integrating gender equality principles in the project and achieving the project's gender equality results. Ideally, the gender equality strategy of the project will include the following elements:
What things should be considered in developing a project gender equality strategy? Here are some lessons learned from CIDA's Asia Branch bilateral projects:

Resources and References

People and Organizations

1. Gender Equality Specialists/Advisors/Consultants (Canada)

Any of the above individuals can be consulted for suggestions when recruiting gender equality consultants for design missions, monitoring, etc.

2. Gender Equality Specialists/Advisors/ Consultants (China)

3. Canadian Organizations

4. Chinese Organizations

4.1 Chinese Media

Internet Resources

Note: There is a wealth of interesting, useful, and ever-changing resources on the web. The links provided here were selected either because they contain information specifically relevant to the needs of the China Program, or because they will lead you to other useful links and resources. This tool will be updated periodically, so please feel free to make suggestions!

1. Resources on Gender Equality in China

General Social and Economic
Environmental Sustainability
Human Rights/Good Governance/Democratic Development
2. Integrating Gender Equality in Projects - Comprehensive

CIDA resources
Some other good resources for project planning and monitoring
Useful web portals and directories for gender and development
3. Resources on Integrating Gender Equality in Projects (CDPF Sectors)

Environmental Sustainability
Human Rights/Good Governance/Democratic Development